Quinone materials for supercapacitor: Current status, approaches, and future directions

Supercapacitor, an energy storage device, has received much attention in recent years. The construction of supercapacitor devices with a suitable anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials plays a vital role in commer-cialization. In this direction, quinones are being used as electroactive materials in the last two decades. Carbon-quinones are considered to be the most promising materials and capable of increasing the performance of electrochemical capacitors. This review provides a clear idea about the classification of supercapacitors based on the use of electrodes, electrolytes, and their mechanisms, device configurations. The performances of the supercapacitors with carbon-quinone composites used as electrodes in the literature are reviewed. The effect of the incorporation of quinones with various carbon materials via physical adsorption, impregnation, grafting, solvent-free, solvothermal, wet chemistry, hydrothermal, and reflux methods in the overall performance of supercapacitors are discussed. In summary, the advantages of the use of quinones in a supercapacitor, the drawbacks associated with these materials, and future directions towards commercialization are brought out.

Automated summary

This article provides a review of the classification of supercapacitors, focusing on the performance of supercapacitors with carbon-quinone composites as electrodes, and discusses the impact of combining quinones with carbon materials using different methods on the overall performance of supercapacitors. The advantages and drawbacks of using quinones in supercapacitors, as well as future directions towards commercialization, are summarized.