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Does Plant Breeding for Antioxidant-Rich Foods Have an Impact on Human Health?

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Mutant combinations of lycopene epsilon-cyclase and beta-carotene hydroxylase 2 homoeologs increased beta-carotene accumulation in endosperm of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) grains

Shu Yu et al.

Summary: By mutating LCYe and HYD2 homoeologs, the study demonstrated success in increasing beta-carotene content in the endosperm of tetraploid wheat without compromising plant growth and development in other aspects. This provides insights into potential gene editing strategies for provitamin A biofortification in hexaploid wheat.

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Specialized metabolites: Physiological and biochemical role in stress resistance, strategies to improve their accumulation, and new applications in crop breeding and management

Daniela Marone et al.

Summary: Specialized plant metabolites play important roles in plant functions and resistance. Studies are focused on their mechanisms and applications, including genetic methods and agronomic management. New strategies involving direct application of plant residuals or liquid formulations are also described.

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Nutritional Regimes Enriched with Antioxidants as an Efficient Adjuvant for IBD Patients under Infliximab Administration, a Pilot Study

Marina Liso et al.

Summary: Antioxidants can be used as adjuvants to improve the effectiveness of pharmacological therapies, especially for chronic inflammatory syndromes. A study found that taking an antioxidant-enriched purple corn supplement can improve the response to medication in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, although the effect may vary between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dietary intake of cyanidin-3-glucoside induces a long-lasting cardioprotection from ischemia/reperfusion injury by altering the microbiota

Mirella Trinei et al.

Summary: A diet rich in anthocyanin can continue to reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury even after a month of cessation. The anti-inflammatory activity of C3G was not involved in the observed cardioprotection in immune-deficient mice. Furthermore, the cardioprotective effect was transferred from mice fed a C3G-enriched diet to mice fed a standard diet through the transplantation of fecal microbiota, indicating the role of gut microbiota in determining long lasting cardioprotection.

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Plant Exosome-like Nanovesicles: Emerging Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms

Haseeb Anwar Dad et al.

Summary: Plant exosome-like nanovesicles, rich in bioactive components, hold great potential in the fields of biotreatment and drug delivery, exhibiting immunomodulatory, antitumor, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory effects. Their physicochemical traits make them promising candidates for next-generation therapeutic and drug delivery nanoplatforms.

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Do Flavonoids from Durum Wheat Contribute to Its Bioactive Properties? A Prospective Study

Adriano Costa de Camargo et al.

Summary: This study evaluated advanced breeding lines of whole durum wheat and found that aqueous acetone extraction achieved the highest phenolics recovery, with apigenin derivatives as the main phenolics present. The phenolics showed significant effects in scavenging peroxyl radicals, reducing power, and inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity, but no significant anti-diabetic potential was observed. Despite the high concentration of phenolic compounds compared to phenolic acids, there was no significant antioxidant or pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect observed, discouraging further breeding programs and trials related to the effect of durum wheat flavonoids on oxidative stress and absorption of triacylglycerols.

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The Influence of the Production Process on the Anthocyanin Content and Composition in Dried Potato Cubes, Chips, and French Fries Made from Red-Fleshed Potatoes

Elzbieta Rytel et al.

Summary: This study investigated the influence of different processing methods on anthocyanin degradation and profiles in red-fleshed Herbie 26 variety potatoes. The losses of anthocyanins during processing varied depending on the technological stage, with the lowest losses observed in chip production. Skipping the blanching stage in chip production allowed for the retention of more anthocyanins.

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Health benefits of whole grain: effects on dietary carbohydrate quality, the gut microbiome, and consequences of processing

Chris J. Seal et al.

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Scrapped but not neglected: Insights into the composition, molecular modulation and antioxidant capacity of phenols in peel of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruits at different developmental stages

Roberto Lo Scalzo et al.

Summary: The study found that eggplant fruits undergo significant biochemical changes during development, particularly in terms of peel pigmentation and phenolic compounds. The changes in phenolic composition were related to the expression regulation of nine genes, and antioxidant activity remained consistent across developmental stages.

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Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Pearling Fractions of Hulled, Partially Hull-Less and Hull-Less Food Barley Genotypes

Mariona Martinez-Subira et al.

Summary: The study found that different barley genotypes contain rich bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity after sequential pearling, with husks having the highest antioxidant content. Even though current regulations require the elimination of inedible husks from human foods, they should be considered as valuable materials for animal feeds due to their high content of beneficial substances.
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Potential Mechanisms Linking Food-Derived MicroRNAs, Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Functions in the Context of Nutrition and Human Health

Ester Diez-Sainz et al.

Summary: MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Dietary plant-derived miRNAs may be incorporated into humans through various mechanisms and have an impact on gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier permeability, and overall health. The interaction between xenomiRs and gut microbiota could potentially explain the variation in research results regarding dietary miRNA uptake and function in humans.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2021)

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Food Processing Technologies to Develop Functional Foods With Enriched Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Cereals

Deepak Kasote et al.

Summary: This article summarizes several methods for retaining and enhancing the phenolic content of cereals, including bioprocesses and physical processes. It also discusses the effectiveness of new technologies in improving phenolic content and bio-accessibility.

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Antioxidants in Potatoes: A Functional View on One of the Major Food Crops Worldwide

Hanjo Hellmann et al.

Summary: Given the increasing world population, accelerating climate changes and limited arable land, it is crucial to focus on plant-based resources for sustainable food production. Potatoes, recognized by the United Nations as an excellent food source, are rich in antioxidants with health-promoting effects. The review article provides a detailed overview of the biosynthesis, properties and health benefits of antioxidants in potato tubers.

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A mutation in Zeaxanthin epoxidase contributes to orange coloration and alters carotenoid contents in pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum)

Seo-Young Lee et al.

Summary: This study identified the key role of a gene called ZEP in fruit color formation in peppers. The inheritance of the ZEP genotype can determine whether peppers will have orange or yellow mature fruit.

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Bioactive compounds of pigmented wheat (Triticum aestivum): Potential benefits in human health

Rachna Gupta et al.

Summary: Wheat is a vital staple food, with pigmented wheat containing anthocyanins and carotenoids that are mainly located in the outer aleurone layer. The food industry is moving towards reducing the use of synthetic and artificial food additives, focusing on extracting, identifying, and applying natural sources of colorants and nutrients. Consumers are demanding colorants derived from natural sources to enhance the nutritional and antioxidant value of foods, with pigmented wheat having various health benefits related to obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

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Dietary Polyphenol Intake Is Associated with Biological Aging, a Novel Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Moli-Sani Study

Simona Esposito et al.

Summary: A study revealed that a diet rich in polyphenols can slow down the biological aging process, reduce Delta age, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, and possibly have positive effects on bone health.

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Impact of Rising Temperature in the Deposition Patterns of Bioactive Compounds in Field Grown Food Barley Grains

Mariona Martinez-Subira et al.

Summary: This study investigated the deposition patterns of various compounds in barley grains under different temperature conditions. Genotypic differences played a significant role in the duration of deposition, with antioxidant capacity decreasing over time. Heat stress had varying effects on the accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, supporting the cultivation of food barley in high-temperature stress-prone areas.

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Biostimulant Properties of Seaweed Extracts in Plants: Implications towards Sustainable Crop Production

Omar Ali et al.

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A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition

Francesco Elia Florio et al.

Summary: The study reveals that the accumulation of D3R in eggplant berries is associated with loss of SmelAAT function caused by mutations. Evaluation of the gene expression levels and comparison of genes can help assess the genes related to anthocyanin type in eggplant fruits.

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Comparison of total polyphenols, profile anthocyanins, color analysis, carotenoids and tocols in pigmented maize

Serafino Suriano et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the chemical composition of whole kernels of four different pigmented maize genotypes (yellow, red, blue, purple), revealing significant differences in bioactive phytochemical substance content among the genotypes. The purple kernel genotype showed the highest concentration of anthocyanins, while red maize had the highest total tocols content. Principal Component Analysis provided a good summary, clearly discriminating the genotypes based on their specific chemical composition.

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Phenotyping Local Eggplant Varieties: Commitment to Biodiversity and Nutritional Quality Preservation

Eva Martinez-Ispizua et al.

Summary: The study characterized 31 eggplant landraces from Spain with morphological descriptors and determined fruit quality in three selected landraces. Significant variability was observed in phenotypic and nutritional characteristics among the landraces, with fruit descriptors considered the most important and differences in antioxidant properties and sugar content highlighted.

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Pigmented Corn Varieties as Functional Ingredients for Gluten-Free Products

Francesca Colombo et al.

Summary: This study investigated the potential of pigmented corn as a new source of gluten-free ingredients with high antioxidant activity, which could help reduce oxidative stress at the intestinal level in celiac subjects. The findings suggest that pigmented corn varieties have a significantly higher content of polyphenols compared to common yellow varieties, and could play a role in mitigating inflammatory responses in some celiac patients.
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Beyond Purple Tomatoes: Combined Strategies Targeting Anthocyanins to Generate Crimson, Magenta, and Indigo Fruit

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Summary: The range of flower and fruit colors is determined by the types of anthocyanins produced, with the degree of hydroxylation on the B-ring affecting the hue of these pigments. By genetically engineering regulatory genes and a biosynthetic gene in tomatoes, different levels of hydroxylation of anthocyanins can be generated, providing unique material for studies.

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A Transcriptional Network Promotes Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tomato Flesh

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