期刊
ANTIOXIDANTS
卷 11, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030576
关键词
elemental sulfur; sulfide; GSSG; disulfide stress; ROS; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
资金
- Natural Science Foundation of China [91951202, 31870085, 31961133015]
Elemental sulfur serves as a strong oxidant, entering yeast cells and reacting with glutathione to produce glutathione persulfide, H2S, and glutathione disulfide, leading to inhibited oxygen consumption and increased reactive oxygen species, ultimately inhibiting yeast growth.
Elemental sulfur is a common fungicide, but its inhibition mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of elemental sulfur on the single-celled fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae and showed that the inhibition was due to its function as a strong oxidant. It rapidly entered S. cerevisiae. Inside the cytoplasm, it reacted with glutathione to generate glutathione persulfide that then reacted with another glutathione to produce H2S and glutathione disulfide. H2S reversibly inhibited the oxygen consumption by the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and the accumulation of glutathione disulfide caused disulfide stress and increased reactive oxygen species in S. cerevisiae. Elemental sulfur inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae; however, it did not kill the yeast for up to 2 h exposure. The combined action of elemental sulfur and hosts' immune responses may lead to the demise of fungal pathogens.
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