期刊
ANTIOXIDANTS
卷 11, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030464
关键词
COPD; macrophages; polarization; inflammation; oxidative-stress; extracellular vesicles
资金
- PON I&C 2014-2020 MiSE
- POR Campania FESR 2014-2020
- PSR Campania 2014-2020
This review discusses the role of macrophages in COPD and their impact on inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. Macrophages exhibit plasticity by responding to stimuli from the surrounding tissue, which is crucial in COPD. The regulatory influence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell communications is also explored.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common airway diseases, and it is considered a major global health problem. Macrophages are the most representative immune cells in the respiratory tract, given their role in surveying airways, removing cellular debris, immune surveillance, and resolving inflammation. Macrophages exert their functions by adopting phenotypical changes based on the stimuli they receive from the surrounding tissue. This plasticity is described as M1/M2 macrophage polarization, which consists of a strictly coordinated process leading to a difference in the expression of surface markers, the production of specific factors, and the execution of biological activities. This review focuses on the role played by macrophages in COPD and their implication in inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. Particular attention is on macrophage polarization, given macrophage plasticity is a key feature in COPD. We also discuss the regulatory influence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell communications. EV composition and cargo may influence many COPD-related aspects, including inflammation, tissue remodeling, and macrophage dysfunctions. These findings could be useful for better addressing the role of macrophages in the complex pathogenesis and outcomes of COPD.
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