期刊
BIOMOLECULES
卷 12, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom12040517
关键词
ghrelin; obestatin; GHS-R; GPR39; gastric peptides
资金
- NIH [R01DK125081, R01DK118334, R01AG064869]
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project [1010840]
- BurroughsWelcome Fund training fellowship (BWF) of Houston Laboratory and Population Science Training Program in Gene-Environment Interaction [1008200]
Ghrelin and obestatin, encoded by the same gene, have diverse and complex functions. Although they have opposing effects in some systems, they function synergistically in others, with many functions remaining debatable.
Ghrelin and obestatin are two sibling proteins encoded by the same preproghrelin gene but possess an array of diverse and complex functions. While there are ample literature documenting ghrelin's functions, the roles of obestatin are less clear and controversial. Ghrelin and obestatin have been perceived to be antagonistic initially; however, recent studies challenge this dogma. While they have opposing effects in some systems, they function synergistically in other systems, with many functions remaining debatable. In this review, we discuss their functional relationship under three C categories, namely complex, complementary, and contradictory. Their functions in food intake, weight regulation, hydration, gastrointestinal motility, inflammation, and insulin secretion are complex. Their functions in pancreatic beta cells, cardiovascular, muscle, neuroprotection, cancer, and digestive system are complementary. Their functions in white adipose tissue, thermogenesis, and sleep regulation are contradictory. Overall, this review accumulates the multifaceted functions of ghrelin and obestatin under both physiological and pathological conditions, with the intent of contributing to a better understanding of these two important gut hormones.
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