Susceptibility to Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Four Districts of Xaysomboun Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic

Xaysomboun province has some of the lowest health indicators in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the vaccination, susceptibility and exposure status of the population to hepatitis B virus (HBV), measles, rubella, and tetanus. Participants aged 5 years and older were randomly selected from four districts. From each enrolled participant, demographic data and 5 mL of blood sample were taken. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies against HBV, measles, rubella, and tetanus were detected by ELISA. A total of 363 participants (age 5 to 80 years) were included. HBV exposure, as determined by anti-HBV core (anti-HBc) antibodies, was 56.2% overall, and was significantly higher among those aged >= 21 years (78.1%). HBsAg was detected in 9.4% overall and increased to 20% in ages 31-40 years. Only 13.8% of participants had serology indicative of vaccination (anti-HBs positive, anti-HBc negative). Seroprotection against measles was 74.6% overall but only 41.7% in children aged 5-10 years. Anti-rubella IgG was 94.2% overall and high in all age groups. Tetanus seroprevalence was only 47.4% overall but significantly higher in females aged 31-40 (75.6%). We suggest strengthening of routine and booster HBV, measles, and tetanus vaccine coverage in Xaysomboun province.

Automated summary

This study examined the immunization, susceptibility, and exposure status of the population in Xaysomboun province to hepatitis B virus (HBV), measles, rubella, and tetanus. The findings revealed low immunization rates and high risks of HBV, measles, and tetanus infection in the province. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen vaccine coverage for these diseases.