期刊
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
卷 10, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.849441
关键词
copper oxide; Siddha; herbometallic; Thamira parpam; nanocomplex; toxicity
资金
- Department of Science and Technology-Scientific Engineering Research Council Division, New Delhi, India
- Center for Toxicology and Developmental Research (CEFT), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, India
This study elucidated the physicochemical properties and in vivo toxicity of a copper-based herbometallic oxide nanodrug called Thamira parpam (TP). The TP synthesized using a traditional Siddha methodology exhibited nanoscale dimensions and a carbonaceous coating on its surface. In vivo safety testing in rat models showed that TP was non-toxic at a low dose and did not cause abnormalities in major organs and their functions.
Thamira parpam (TP), a copper-based herbometallic oxide (copper (II) oxide) nanodrug has been used in Siddha medicine for centuries because of its anti-ulcerogenic property. However, the physicochemical properties and in vivo toxicity of TP still remain elusive. Rigorous clinical translation requires deciphering these vital properties. We have synthesized TP following a gold standard protocol in the traditional Siddha methodology. We assessed the size, phase, elemental constituents, and thermal stability of TP by SEM and TEM, XRD, EPR, and EDAX analyses, respectively. The results depicted the conversion of metallic copper into copper (II) oxide in the final stages of TP preparation and exhibited nanodimensions ranging between 10 and 50 nm. The XPS spectra revealed the presence of oxygen-deficient state and a carbonaceous coating was found on the surface of TP using TEM analysis. In vivo safety was studied in rat toxicity models by adopting OECD guidelines. Body weight changes, feed, and water intake were unaltered upon TP administration. Hematological, biochemical profiling, and histopathological findings also suggested its nontoxic nature with no abnormalities in major organs and its functions. Interestingly, we found that the metal toxicity could have been subdued because of the carbonaceous coating around the nanoparticle copper (II) oxide, confirming that the drug is safe at a low dose. Overall, our study has enlightened the safety of TP supporting the use of Siddha formulations.
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