Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on Yield of Chipping Potato Grown on High Legacy Phosphorus Soil

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has low phosphorus (P) use efficiency as compared with other vegetable crops. This study was conducted at two commercial chipping potato farms (A and B) in Northeast Florida to evaluate different P rates for potato production. Plot size was 0.62 and 0.49 hectares for Farms A and B, respectively. The total trial area was 13.32 hectares per growing season for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed with four replications per P rate. The chipping potato variety, 'Atlantic' was cultivated with three P rates: 0, 24.5, and 48.9 kg P ha(-1) in 2018, and 12.2, 24.5, and 48.9 kg P ha(-1) in 2019 and 2020. The soil of Farm A contained 497 mg kg(-1) Mehlich-3 extractable P and 946 mg kg(-1) aluminum (Al), and that of Farm B had 220 mg kg(-1) Mehlich-3 extractable P and 253 mg kg(-1) Al. The results showed that a P rate of 48.9 kg P ha(-1) significantly improved tuber yield as compared to 0 in 2018 or 12.2 kg P ha(-1) in 2019 and 2020. Application of 48.9 kg P ha(-1) fertilizer P significantly increased the soil P level in 2018 and 2020, while the application of 24.5 kg P ha(-1) fertilizer P increased the soil P level significantly in 2018 only. Tubers with 48.9 kg P ha(-1) showed significantly lower external quality issues than 0 or 12.2 and 24.5 kg P ha(-1). However, there were no significant differences in specific gravity, internal tuber quality, and tuber size among the different P rates. The tuber yield data show that potato plants grown on soil with high legacy P still require approximately 50 kg ha(-1) P application for sustainable potato production in the area. This high P requirement results from the combination of high concentrations of active metals (Al and iron (Fe)) and a decrease in pH of one unit in the growing season. New P-fertilization programs with post-plant applications rather than with pre-plant application are urgently needed for minimizing P-immobilization by Al and Fe and improving P-use efficiency for potato production in the state.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates that increasing phosphorus application rates can improve potato yield and external quality in two potato farms in Northeast Florida, especially in soils with lower phosphorus content. However, different phosphorus application rates did not significantly affect potato specific gravity, internal quality, or tuber size.