期刊
AGRONOMY-BASEL
卷 12, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12061289
关键词
fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda; plant extracts; chemicals; synergistic toxicity; binary combinations
资金
- Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province [2020B020223004]
- GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development [2020GDASYL-20200301003, 2020GDASYL-20200104025]
- Higher Education Commission of Pakistan under its National Research Program for Universities (NRPU Project) [6702]
Combining botanical extracts with synthetic insecticides can enhance their toxicity against fall armyworm larvae, suggesting their potential inclusion in future integrated pest management programs.
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a destructive pest of a wide array of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. This in vitro research assessed the combined effect of methanolic extracts of indigenous flora of Soone Valley (Khushab, Pakistan) and nine commonly used synthetic insecticides against 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda using the leaf-dip bioassay method. Toxicity bioassays with twelve plant extracts revealed that the extracts of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, Sophora mollis (Royle) Baker and Rhazya stricta Decne. were the most effective, exhibiting minimum LC50 and L-50 values. Bioassays with synthetic insecticides revealed a significantly higher mortality of S. frugiperda larvae by emamectin benzoate (45%), chlorpyrifos (40%) and chlorantraniliprole (38%). Further bioassays with 10 binary combinations of these most effective botanical and synthetic insecticides showed that seven pesticidal combinations exhibited synergistic toxicity, and three combinations comprising emamectin benzoate exhibited an additive effect on the mortality of S. frugiperda larvae. GC-MS analyses of methanolic extracts of W. somnifera, S. mollis and R. stricta revealed 1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene and 3,5-dimethyl-octane, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-benzene, and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, decane, and lupeol as major bioconstituents, respectively. Our results demonstrated that combining botanicals with synthetic insecticides can synergize their toxicity against S. frugiperda larvae, suggesting their potential incorporation into future IPM programs against S. frugiperda and other lepidopterous pests.
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