4.6 Article

Essential Amino Acid Intake Is Required for Sustaining Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Levels but Is Not Necessarily Needed for Body Growth

期刊

CELLS
卷 11, 期 9, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells11091523

关键词

essential amino acid (EAA); growth; insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I); growth hormone (GH)

资金

  1. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [15H04583, 24380152]
  2. JSPS [25221204, 18H03972, 19H02916]
  3. RD matching funds on the field for Knowledge Integration and innovation and Cross-ministerial Moonshot Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Research and Development Program, Technologies for Smart Bio-industry and Agriculture from Bio-oriented Technolog
  4. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19H02916, 15H04583, 18H03972] Funding Source: KAKEN

向作者/读者索取更多资源

This study evaluates the contribution of protein nutrition and the GH/IGF-I system to body growth regulation. The results show that a reduction in serum EAA concentration hinders Igf1 transcription and decreases serum IGF-I levels. Restoring serum IGF-I levels through recombinant IGF-I infusion rescues body growth, indicating the importance of EAAs for animal growth.
Essential amino acids (EAAs) are those that cannot be synthesized enough to meet organismal demand; therefore, it is believed that they must be taken from the diet for optimal growth. The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system is also considered significant for growth regulation in mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the relative contributions of protein nutrition and the GH/IGF-I system to body growth regulation. Experiments using rodents and hepatocyte-derived cell lines subjected to EAA deficiency showed that a reduction in the serum EAA concentration hinders Igf1 transcription in the liver in a cell-autonomous manner, thereby decreasing serum IGF-I levels. Remarkably, when the serum IGF-I level of mice on a low-protein diet was restored by the recombinant IGF-I infusion, the body growth was mostly rescued, although the mice were still deficient in EAA intake. Meanwhile, the GH signal activation and subsequent Igf1 transcription were also dramatically diminished by EAA deprivation in the cell culture model. Altogether, we demonstrate that EAAs are not strictly necessary for animal growth as building blocks but are required as IGF-I-tropic cues. The results will bring a paradigm shift regarding the definition of essential amino acids.

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