Microbiota and the gut-brain-axis: Implications for new therapeutic design in the CNS

Summary The recent revelation that the gut microbiome, home to approximately 100 trillion microorganisms, is implicated in the development of both health and disease has spurred an exponential increase in interdisciplinary research involving gut microbiology. In all this hype, there is a need to better understand and contextualize the emerging evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. In this review, we aim to unravel the complex interactions of the microbiota-gut-brainaxis to pave a better understanding of microbiota-mediated pathogenesis, avenues for noninvasive prognosis, and therapeutic possibilities leveraging microbiota-gut-brain-axis modulations. We further provide insights of the ongoing transition from bench to bedside and discuss limitations of current approaches. Ultimately, we urge the continued development of synergistic therapeutic models with considerable consideration of the many gut-resident bacteria that will enable significant progress for the treatment of many neurological diseases.

Automated summary

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the development of neurological diseases, and this article explores the complex interactions between the gut microbiome and neurological conditions. It discusses the transition from lab research to clinical application and the limitations of current approaches. The authors emphasize the need for therapeutic models that take into account the diverse gut bacteria to advance the treatment of neurological diseases.