期刊
SCIENCE ADVANCES
卷 8, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1515
关键词
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资金
- PRIN-MIUR (Italy) grant QUSHIP (Taming complexity with quantum strategies: a hybrid integrated photonics approach) [2017SRNBRK]
- John Templeton Foundation via the grant Q-CAUSAL [61084]
- John Templeton Foundation via Quantum Information Structure of Spacetime (QISS) Project (qiss.fr) [61466]
- Sapienza Universita di Roma
- Serrapilheira Institute [Serra-1708-15763]
- Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) via the National Institute for Science and Technology on Quantum Information (INCT-IQ) [406574/2018-9, 307295/2020-6]
- Brazilian agency MCTIC
- Brazilian agency MEC
- Foundation for Polish Science (IRAP project, ICTQT, EU within Smart Growth Operational Programme) [2018/MAB/5]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG
- German Research Foundation) via the Emmy Noether grant [441423094]
- DFG (German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy-Cluster of Excellence Matter and Light for Quantum Computing (ML4Q) [EXC 2004/1-390534769]
Since Bell's theorem, it has been known that local realism fails to explain quantum phenomena. However, recent research has found that in the instrumental scenario, nonclassicality can be observed beyond the classical notions of cause and effect. Through interventions, quantum violations of classical bounds on causal influence can be demonstrated, even without Bell-like violations.
Since Bell's theorem, it is known that local realism fails to explain quantum phenomena. Bell inequality violations manifestly show the incompatibility of quantum theory with classical notions of cause and effect. As recently found, however, the instrumental scenario-a pivotal tool in causal inference-allows for nonclassicality signatures going beyond this paradigm. If we are not limited to observational data and can intervene in our setup, then we can witness quantum violations of classical bounds on the causal influence among the involved variables even when no Bell-like violation is possible. That is, through interventions, the quantum behavior of a system that would seem classical can be demonstrated. Using a photonic setup-faithfully implementing the instrumental causal structure and switching between observation and intervention run by run-we experimentally witness such a nonclassicality. We also test quantum bounds for the causal influence, showing that they provide a reliable tool for quantum causal modeling.
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