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Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.
Summary: Recent surveillance has identified the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which carries up to 36 mutations in the spike protein and has the potential to evade vaccine-induced immunity. This study found that individuals vaccinated with mRNA vaccines exhibited strong neutralization of the Omicron variant, while most vaccinees had weak neutralization. The study also revealed that the Omicron variant infects more efficiently than other tested variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alison Tarke et al.
Summary: T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms cross-recognize early SARS-CoV-2 variants, while memory B cells and neutralizing antibodies show significant decreases. The majority of memory T cell responses are preserved against variants, with lower recognition of Omicron by memory B cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly and shows resistance to most therapeutic antibodies. It also evades neutralization by antibodies induced by infection or vaccination more efficiently than the Delta variant. This suggests that therapeutic antibodies may not be effective against the Omicron variant, and double vaccination with BNT162b2 may not provide adequate protection against severe disease caused by this variant.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Seong Jin Choi et al.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emma K. Accorsi et al.
Summary: Assessing the performance of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant is crucial for public health guidance. This study found that receiving three doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a lower likelihood of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to being unvaccinated or receiving two doses. These findings suggest that three doses of mRNA vaccine provide protection against both Omicron and Delta variants, though the protection against Omicron may be slightly lower.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Constanze Kuhlmann et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo Meng et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher affinity for ACE2 and can evade neutralizing antibodies more effectively compared to the Delta variant. A third dose of mRNA vaccine can provide enhanced protection. Omicron has lower replication in lung and gut cells and less efficiently cleaves its spike protein compared to Delta.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, identified in November 2021, has spread rapidly worldwide and shows resistance to most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, it can be neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Manuel Carreno et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, first identified in South Africa and Botswana in November 2021, has rapidly spread globally with high transmissibility. It has an unprecedented number of mutations in its spike gene, leading to immune escape and reduced vaccine efficacy. The neutralizing and binding activity against Omicron varies among individuals with different vaccination and infection histories.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenrie P. Y. Hui et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a threat to global public health. The Omicron variant replicates faster in bronchi but less efficiently in the lung parenchyma compared to other variants. All variants of concern have similar cellular tropism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jinyan Liu et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that cellular immunity induced by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is highly conserved to the Omicron spike protein. Individuals vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccines showed durable spike-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses that were cross-reactive to both the Delta and Omicron variants, including in central and effector memory cellular subpopulations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Liu et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henning Gruell et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is greatly reduced in individuals who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine or have recovered from the disease, but is significantly increased after a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Gao et al.
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by prior infection or BNT162b2 vaccination provide extensive immune coverage against the Omicron variant. Additionally, T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination exhibit higher cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant compared to T cells induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vivek Naranbhai et al.
Article
Immunology
Anu Haveri et al.
Summary: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised concerns about neutralization escape and breakthrough infections. Researchers found that healthcare workers who received three doses of the vaccine had high levels of neutralizing antibodies, while the elderly had lower levels and some lacked antibodies against the Beta and Omicron variants. Previously infected subjects who received one mRNA vaccine dose had variable levels of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, but the levels against Omicron were barely detectable after one month.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tommy Nyberg et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant shows lower severity compared to Delta, especially in terms of hospital admission and death, with significant variations by age. Unvaccinated cases experience a larger reduction in intrinsic severity, while vaccinated cases experience reduced vaccine effectiveness. Booster vaccination with mRNA vaccines provides over 70% protection against hospitalization and death in breakthrough Omicron infections.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Daniel J. Sheward et al.
Summary: This study highlights the extensive but incomplete evasion of neutralizing antibody responses by the omicron variant, and suggests that boosting with licensed vaccines might be sufficient to raise neutralizing antibody levels to protective levels.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roanne Keeton et al.
Summary: Despite reduced neutralizing antibody activity, T cell responses induced by vaccination or infection can cross-recognize the Omicron variant and provide protection.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katia Koelle et al.
Summary: This review retraces the steps taken by the global community of epidemiologists and evolutionary biologists in understanding and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the crucial roles that mathematical modeling and quantitative analyses of empirical data have played in addressing the challenges faced by this community.
Article
Cell Biology
Venkata-Viswanadh Edara et al.
Summary: The study indicates that a two-dose vaccination may not provide sufficient neutralizing antibody responses against the omicron variant, with a significant reduction in neutralizing activity observed after six months. However, COVID-19-recovered individuals still retain some level of neutralizing antibody responses. A third dose (booster shot) is necessary to enhance the neutralizing activity against the omicron variant.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Annika Nelde et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell epitopes were identified in convalescent and unexposed individuals, showing cross-reactivity with common cold coronaviruses. The diversity of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses may be associated with mild symptoms of COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Zhen Zhuang et al.
Summary: This study identified SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell epitopes and demonstrated the important role of virus-specific T cells in the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in regulating immune responses. T cell vaccination alone partially protected SARS-CoV-2-infected mice from severe disease.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine McMahan et al.
Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Editorial Material
Immunology
Stanley C. Jordan et al.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erin M. Bange et al.
Summary: In patients with cancer and COVID-19, those with hematologic cancer show impaired immune responses compared to solid cancer patients. CD8 T cells play a crucial role in survival, even in the presence of limited humoral responses. The presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in hematologic cancer patients suggests a potential therapeutic target.
Article
Microbiology
Janna Heide et al.
Summary: The study aimed to explore the CD4+ T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 and found a universally broad T cell response in patients, identifying multiple specific peptides. These findings are important for understanding the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine design.
Article
Immunology
Daryl Geers et al.
Summary: This study suggests that some variants might partially escape humoral immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or BNT162b2 vaccination, but the S-specific CD4(+) T-cell activation is not affected by the mutations in the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Alison Tarke et al.
Summary: The study showed that SARS-CoV-2 variants do not significantly disrupt total T cell reactivity, although decreases in response frequency of 10%-22% were observed under certain assay/VOC combinations. This underscores the importance of actively monitoring T cell responses in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bezawit A. Woldemeskel et al.
Summary: Recent studies have shown that T cells can cross-recognize spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and common cold coronaviruses. Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines results in broad T cell responses to the virus's spike protein, including potential recognition of variant spike proteins. Additionally, post-vaccination, there is an observed increase in CD4(+) T cell responses to certain common cold coronaviruses.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Grifoni et al.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Su-Hyung Park et al.
Review
Immunology
Robert A. Seder et al.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2008)
Article
Immunology
Melissa L. Precopio et al.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2007)
Article
Hematology
Michael R. Betts et al.
