4.5 Review

Inborn Errors of Immunity With Fetal or Perinatal Clinical Manifestations

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Summary: Over the past 20 years, the rapid development in the diagnosis and treatment of primary immunodeficiencies (PI) has led to a widespread use of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) as a term to describe these disorders. The advancements in diagnostic techniques and treatments have brought hope to patients with immune deficiencies, expanding the treatment options beyond infection control to include gene therapy and cellular therapy. These improvements have fostered global collaborations and increased the involvement of immunologists in researching rare diseases.

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Summary: This review discusses the challenges of diagnosing inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in premature infants and how common disorders of prematurity can clinically overlap with IEI symptoms. Four recent cases are presented to highlight the diagnostic dilemmas facing neonatologists and clinical immunologists when considering IEI in preterm infants. Additionally, a conceptual framework and initial workup guide for premature infants suspected of having IEI are provided.

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A Critical Review on the Standardization and Quality Assessment of Nonfunctional Laboratory Tests Frequently Used to Identify Inborn Errors of Immunity

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