4.6 Article

The impact of environment on genetic and epigenetic variation in Trifolium pratense populations from two contrasting semi-natural grasslands

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ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
卷 9, 期 5, 页码 -

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ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211406

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epigenetic variation; genetic variation; environmental conditions; Trifolium pratense

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This study aimed to compare genetic and epigenetic variation patterns in different habitats in Central European grasslands and identify their drivers. Through the analysis of genetic and epigenetic variation of Trifolium pratense L., it was found that there were low levels of genetic and epigenetic differentiation among populations and between habitat types, and the two were not interdependent. Genetic variation was significantly isolated by habitat dissimilarity, while epigenetic variation was affected by environment.
Central European grasslands, such as calcareous grasslands and oat-grass meadows, are characterized by diverse environmental conditions and management regimes. Therefore, we aimed to determine potential differences in genetic and epigenetic variation patterns between the contrasting habitats and to identify the drivers of genetic and epigenetic variation. We investigated the genetic and epigenetic variation of the ecologically variable plant species Trifolium pratense L. applying amplified fragment length polymorphism and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism analyses. We observed low levels of genetic and epigenetic differentiation among populations and between habitat types. Genetic and epigenetic variations were not interdependent. Thus, genetic variation was significantly isolated by habitat dissimilarity, whereas epigenetic variation was affected by environment. More specifically, we observed a significant correlation of epigenetic diversity with soil moisture and soil pH (the latter potentially resulting in phosphorus limitation). Genetic variation was, therefore, affected more strongly by habitat-specific environmental conditions induced by land use-related disturbance and gene flow patterns, while epigenetic variation was driven by challenging environmental conditions.

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