Review on modeling and simulation of dynamic recrystallization of martensitic stainless steels during bulk hot deformation

Bulk hot deformation is a relatively old manufacturing technique widely adopted in different industry fields to form and shape different metallic alloys. Martensitic stainless steels (MSS) are a class of metals used in industries with extreme conditions. Hot forming of this class of steels is a highly complex process comprising several highly coupled thermo-chemo-physical phenomena. The complex microstructural changes of MSS make it challenging to develop an overall system of governing equations for theoretically analyzing the behavior of MSS during the hot deformation process. Modeling and simulation analysis have frequently been used to minimize the number of experiments often used to find MSS behavior during hot deformations. This review paper deals with the latest developments in the numerical analysis of material behavior, microstructural simulation, and artificial intelligence methods for MSS during the hot deformation process. Important numerical issues in macro and micro-scale models, such as various materials flow modeling, finite element methods, cellular automaton, and artificial neural networks, are discussed. Macro-scale analysis of hot deformation will allow many manufacturing processes to understand the effects of changes in different strain and strain rates before physical testing. Micro-scale analysis of hot deformation will allow understanding physical phenomena concerning dynamic recrystallization, plastic deformation energy, and microstructure size. The main methods used in the MSS hot deformation process simulation are discussed and illustrated with brief case studies. In addition, several critical vital problems and issues remain to be addressed about this topic, and opportunities for further research are identified.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Automated summary

This review paper presents the latest developments in the numerical analysis, microstructural simulation, and artificial intelligence methods for the hot deformation process of martensitic stainless steels (MSS). Modeling and simulation analysis can reduce the number of experiments and provide insights into the effects of strain and strain rate variations in manufacturing processes.