Understanding the spatial representativeness of air quality monitoring network and its application to PM2.5 in the mainland China

Air pollution has seriously endangered human health and the natural ecosystem during the last decades. Air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) have played a critical role in providing valuable data sets for recording regional air pollutants. The spatial representativeness of AQMS is a critical parameter when choosing the location of stations and assessing effects on the population to long-term exposure to air pollution. In this paper, we proposed a methodological framework for assessing the spatial representativeness of the regional air quality monitoring network and applied it to ground-based P-2.5 observation in the mainland of China. Weighted multidimensional Euclidean distance between each pixel and the stations was used to determine the representativeness of the existing monitoring network. In addition, the K-means clustering method was adopted to improve the spatial representativeness of the existing AQMS. The results showed that there were obvious differences among the representative area of 1820 stations in the mainland of China. The monitoring stations could well represent the PM2.5 spatial distribution of the entire region, and the effectively represented area (i.e. the area where the Euclidean distance between the pixels and the stations was lower than the average value) accounted for 67.32% of the total area and covered 93.12% of the population. Forty additional stations were identified in the Northwest, North China, and Northeast regions, which could improve the spatial representativeness by 14.31%. (C) 2022 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

This study proposes a method for assessing the spatial representativeness of air quality monitoring networks and applies it to particulate matter observation in mainland China. The results show regional variations in representative areas among monitoring stations, but the overall network can effectively represent the spatial distribution of air quality. The addition of new monitoring stations can improve the spatial representativeness.