期刊
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
卷 9, 期 6, 页码 4330-4342出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3105273
关键词
Blockchain; privacy-preserving; reputation
资金
- RGC [CERG 16204418, 16203719, 16204820, R8015]
- Guangdong Natural Science Foundation [2017A030312008]
- National Research Foundation, Singapore, under its Strategic Capability Research Centres Funding Initiative
This research focuses on the limitations of reputation/trust-based blockchain systems and proposes a privacy-preserving scheme called zkRep. By periodically changing the identity and reputation of validators, zkRep successfully prevents slowly adaptive attacks. Experimental results demonstrate that zkRep provides great privacy protection with minimal overhead.
Reputation/trust-based blockchain systems have attracted considerable research interests for better integrating Internet of Things with blockchain in terms of throughput, scalability, energy efficiency, and incentive aspects. However, most existing works only consider static adversaries. Hence, they are vulnerable to slowly adaptive attackers, who can target validators with high reputation value to severely degrade the system performance. Therefore, we introduce zkRep, a privacy-preserving scheme tailored for reputation-based blockchains. Our basic idea is to hide both the identity and reputation of the validators by periodically changing the identity and reputation commitments (i.e., aliases), which makes it much more difficult for slowly adaptive attackers to identify validators with high reputation value. To realize this idea, we utilize privacy-preserving Pedersen-commitment-based reputation updating and leader election schemes that operate on concealed reputations within an epoch. We also introduce a privacy-preserving identity update protocol that changes the identity and time-window-based cumulative reputation commitments during each epoch transition. We have implemented and evaluated zkRep on the Amazon Web Service. The experimental results and analysis show that zkRep achieves great privacy-preserving features against slowly adaptive attacks with little overhead.
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