期刊
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
卷 18, 期 4, 页码 921-938出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4597
关键词
Estuaries; Modeling; Ocean color; Oceanography; Remote sensing
资金
- NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (NOAA-OAP) [NA18NOS4780179]
- US National Science Foundation [2048902]
- NOAA/NESDIS Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [2048902] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
This study investigates the factors regulating phytoplankton growth in estuaries using remote sensing data and modeling. The results show that freshwater discharge from rivers plays a dominant role in controlling phytoplankton growth, while persistent southerly winds have limited effects.
Phytoplankton growth in estuaries is regulated by a complex combination of physical factors with freshwater discharge usually playing a dominating role controlling nutrient and light availability. The role of other factors, including upwelling-generating winds, is still unclear because most estuaries are too small for upwelling to emerge. In this study, we used remotely sensed proxies of phytoplankton biomass and concentration of suspended mineral particles to compare the effect of river discharge with the effect of upwelling events associated with persistent along-channel southerly winds in the Chesapeake Bay, a large estuary where upwelling and its effects on biogeochemical dynamics have been previously reported. The surface chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) were estimated from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite data using the Generalized Stacked-Constraints Model (GSCM) corrected for seasonal effects by comparing remotely sensed and field-measured data. Light limitation of phytoplankton growth was assessed from the concentration of suspended mineral particles estimated from the remotely sensed backscattering at blue (443 nm) wavelength b(bp)(443). The nine-year time series (2012-2020) of Chl-a and b(bp)(443) confirmed that a primary factor regulating phytoplankton growth in this nearshore eutrophic area is discharge from the Susquehanna River, and presumably the nutrients it delivers, with a time lag up to four months. Persistent southerly wind events (2-3 days with wind speed >4 m/s) affected the water column stratification in the central part of the bay but did not result in significant increases in remotely sensed Chl-a. Analysis of model simulations of selected upwelling-favorable wind events revealed that strong southerly winds resulted in well-defined lateral (East-West) responses but were insufficient to deliver high-nutrient water to the surface layer to support phytoplankton bloom. We conclude that, in the Chesapeake Bay, which is a large, eutrophic estuary, wind-driven upwelling of deep water plays a limited role in driving phytoplankton growth under most conditions compared with river discharge. (C) 2022 SETAC
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