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Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Therapeutic Approach for Acute Kidney Injury

期刊

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 13, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849891

关键词

acute kidney injury; acute tubular necrosis; ischemia-reperfusion injury; sepsis; chronic kidney disease; stem cell; extracellular vesicles; regenerative medicine

资金

  1. Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) program Departments of Excellence 2018-2022
  2. AGING Project - Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO)
  3. University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO, FAR)

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Acute kidney injury is a common and serious complication of hospitalized patients. Current treatment options are limited, but stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles show promise in treating acute kidney injury by directly interfering with pathogenic mechanisms and promoting cell protection, regeneration, and immunomodulation. Additionally, extracellular vesicles may have an impact on the transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.
Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication of hospitalized patients and significantly increases morbidity and mortality, worsening costs and length of hospital stay. Despite this impact on healthcare system, treatment still remains only supportive (dialysis). Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising option as they recapitulate stem cells properties, overcoming safety issues related to risks or rejection or aberrant differentiation. A growing body of evidence based on pre-clinical studies suggests that extracellular vesicles may be effective to treat acute kidney injury and to limit fibrosis through direct interference with pathogenic mechanisms of vascular and tubular epithelial cell damage. We herein analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge of therapeutic approaches with stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for different forms of acute kidney injury (toxic, ischemic or septic) dissecting their cytoprotective, regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. We also analyze the potential impact of extracellular vesicles on the mechanisms of transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, with a focus on the pivotal role of the inhibition of complement cascade in this setting. Despite some technical limits, nowadays the development of therapies based on stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles holds promise as a new frontier to limit acute kidney injury onset and progression.

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