γδ T Cells in Brain Homeostasis and Diseases

gamma delta T cells are a distinct subset of T cells expressing gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR) rather than alpha beta TCR. Since their discovery, the critical roles of gamma delta T cells in multiple physiological systems and diseases have been investigated. gamma delta T cells are preferentially located at mucosal surfaces, such as the gut, although a small subset of gamma delta T cells can circulate the blood. Additionally, a subset of gamma delta T cells reside in the meninges in the central nervous system. Recent findings suggest gamma delta T cells in the meninges have critical roles in brain function and homeostasis. In addition, several lines of evidence have shown gamma delta T cells can infiltrate the brain parenchyma and regulate inflammatory responses in multiple diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Although the importance of gamma delta T cells in the brain is well established, their roles are still incompletely understood due to the complexity of their biology. Because gamma delta T cells rapidly respond to changes in brain status and regulate disease progression, understanding the role of gamma delta T cells in the brain will provide critical information that is essential for interpreting neuroimmune modulation. In this review, we summarize the complex role of gamma delta T cells in the brain and discuss future directions for research.

Automated summary

gamma delta T cells, expressing gamma delta T cell receptor instead of alpha beta T cell receptor, play critical roles in multiple physiological systems and diseases. They are preferentially located at mucosal surfaces, such as the gut, and can also be found in the meninges in the central nervous system. Recent findings suggest their importance in brain function, homeostasis, and regulating inflammatory responses, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases.