A Universal Polyiodide Regulation Using Quaternization Engineering toward High Value-Added and Ultra-Stable Zinc-Iodine Batteries

The development of aqueous rechargeable zinc-iodine (Zn-I-2) batteries is still plagued by the polyiodide shuttle issue, which frequently causes batteries to have inadequate cycle lifetimes. In this study, quaternization engineering based on the concept of electric double layer is developed on a commercial acrylic fiber skeleton ($1.55-1.7 kg(-1)) to precisely constrain the polyiodide and enhance the cycling durability of Zn-I-2 batteries. Consequently, a high-rate (1 C-146.1 mAh g(-1), 10 C-133.8 mAh g(-1)) as well as, ultra-stable (2000 cycles at 20 C with 97.24% capacity retention) polymer-based Zn-I-2 battery is reported. These traits are derived from the strong electrostatic interaction generated by quaternization engineering, which significantly eliminates the polyiodide shuttle issue and simultaneously realizes peculiar solution-based iodine chemistry (I-/I-3(-)) in Zn-I-2 batteries. The quaternization strategy also presents high practicability, reliability, and extensibility in various complicated environments. In particular, cutting-edge Zn-I-2 batteries based on the concept of derivative material (commercially available quaternized resin) demonstrate approximate to 100% capacity retention over 17 000 cycles at 20 C. This work provides a general and fresh insight into the design and development of large-scale, low-cost, and high-performance zinc-iodine batteries, as well as, other novel iodine storage systems.

Automated summary

In this study, a quaternization engineering approach was used to improve the cycling durability of aqueous rechargeable zinc-iodine batteries. By precisely controlling the polyiodide using a commercial acrylic fiber skeleton, a high-rate and ultra-stable polymer-based zinc-iodine battery was developed. The quaternization strategy significantly eliminated the polyiodide shuttle issue and allowed for unique solution-based iodine chemistry in the battery.