期刊
PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS
卷 2022, 期 5, 页码 -出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptac074
关键词
C43; F40; H20; H54
资金
- National Science Foundation
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- German Ministry for Education and Research
- Max Planck Gesellschaft
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Helmholtz Association
- Dutch Research Council (NWO)
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Israeli Science Foundation
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
- Region des Pays de la Loire
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Kavli Foundation
- JSPS Kakenhi in Japan
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [860881-HIDDeN]
- SURF Cooperative
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
A novel online distillation technique was developed to reduce intrinsic background components, such as krypton, in the XENON1T dark matter experiment. The technique continuously purifies the gaseous volume of the detector system and achieved the lowest krypton concentration measured in an operating dark matter detector. A model was developed to describe the krypton evolution in the system over a span of 550 days.
A novel online distillation technique was developed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment to reduce intrinsic background components more volatile than xenon, such as krypton or argon, while the detector was operating. The method is based on a continuous purification of the gaseous volume of the detector system using the XENON1T cryogenic distillation column. A krypton-in-xenon concentration of (360 +/- 60) ppq was achieved. It is the lowest concentration measured in the fiducial volume of an operating dark matter detector to date. A model was developed and fitted to the data to describe the krypton evolution in the liquid and gas volumes of the detector system for several operation modes over the time span of 550 days, including the commissioning and science runs of XENON1T. The online distillation was also successfully applied to remove Ar-37 after its injection for a low-energy calibration in XENON1T. This makes the usage of Ar-37 as a regular calibration source possible in the future. The online distillation can be applied to next-generation liquid xenon time projection chamber experiments to remove krypton prior to, or during, any science run. The model developed here allows further optimization of the distillation strategy for future large-scale detectors.
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