4.1 Review

Invasive candidiasis in Africa, what is the current picture?

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Risk Factors for Invasive Candida Infection in Critically Ill Patients A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Daniel O. Thomas-Ruddel et al.

Summary: Our systematic review and meta-analysis identified factors associated with the risk for the development of invasive Candida infection in the ICU, with most factors related to medical interventions during intensive care or comorbid conditions.
Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A retrospective analysis of pathogen profile, antimicrobial resistance and mortality in neonatal hospital-acquired bloodstream infections from 2009-2018 at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa

Kessendri Reddy et al.

Summary: Although the HA-BSI rate in the neonatal unit decreased over the two periods, antimicrobial resistance rates in BSI pathogens remained high. Continuous surveillance of BSI is a valuable tool for detecting changes in pathogen and AMR profiles, and guiding empiric antibiotic recommendations for neonatal units in resource-limited settings.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Neonatal sepsis in a tertiary unit in South Africa

Dharshni Pillay et al.

Summary: Common pathogens in the neonatal intensive care unit in Durban include gram-positive bacteria, with a predominance of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Despite low contribution of fungi, fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis was predominant. Both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms showed high resistance to first- and second-line antibiotics, with multidrug resistant organisms present.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Review Infectious Diseases

Serology anno 2021-fungal infections: from invasive to chronic

Cornelia Lass-Floerl et al.

Summary: This review provides an updated inventory of fungal antigen and serology tests in 2021, with a focus on Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus species. Antigen assays like GM and beta-D-glucan detection systems are frequently used for diagnosing invasive and chronic fungal infections, but their sensitivity and specificity vary depending on various factors.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

Article Immunology

Pathogens That Cause Acute Febrile Illness Among Children and Adolescents in Burkina Faso, Madagascar, and Sudan

Florian Marks et al.

Summary: This study utilized a PCR approach to detect various previously undetected pathogens in AFI cases, with Plasmodium spp. being the most common pathogen in different regions. A significant number of patients diagnosed with malaria, respiratory infection, or gastrointestinal infection were unnecessarily prescribed empiric antibiotics.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Epidemiology of Culture-confirmed Candidemia Among Hospitalized Children in South Africa, 2012-2017

Liliwe Shuping et al.

Summary: Candidemia among children in South Africa mainly affects neonates and infants, characterized by fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis, but does not increase the risk of death.

PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL (2021)

Article Mycology

COVID-19 and Candida duobushaemulonii superinfection: A case report

Bassem Awada et al.

Summary: Critically ill COVID-19 patients are at high risk for nosocomial bacterial and fungal infections due to predisposing factors such as ICU stay, mechanical ventilation, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Data on MDR Candida species and Candida duobushaemulonii superinfections in COVID-19 patients is scarce. Strategies for improving outcomes should include early recognition of candidemia and appropriate antifungal therapy.

JOURNAL DE MYCOLOGIE MEDICALE (2021)

Article Immunology

The Etiology of Childhood Pneumonia in The Gambia

Stephen R. C. Howie et al.

Summary: Pneumonia remains a leading cause of death in young children globally, with viral causes predominating in The Gambia overall, while bacterial causes dominated the severest cases. Vaccination is crucial for disease prevention.

PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Bacterial and fungal ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 patients during the second wave

Takwa E. Meawed et al.

Summary: The study investigated bacterial and fungal VAP in critically ill COVID-19 patients under mechanical ventilation, identifying drug-resistant bacteria and fungi as common pathogens. Risk factors for fungal VAP included underlying diabetes, chest disease, hypothyroidism, and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. All patients who developed fungal VAP were already under treatment with corticosteroids and Tocilizumab.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Review Genetics & Heredity

Genetic Susceptibility to Fungal Infections and Links to Human Ancestry

Bharati Naik et al.

Summary: Fungi have formed symbiotic relationships with different parts of the human body over time, and certain factors can trigger their transition to a pathogenic state. Host genetics play a crucial role in fungal infection, influencing the recognition between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host pattern recognition receptor molecules through mutations.

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS (2021)

Article Immunology

The Etiology of Childhood Pneumonia in The Gambia Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study

Stephen R. C. Howie et al.

Summary: In The Gambia study site, viral pneumonia, especially respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was the predominant cause overall, but bacterial pneumonia dominated the most severe cases. The majority of participants were vaccinated against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL (2021)

Article Immunology

HIV Infection a Risk Factor for Death among Hospitalized Persons with Candidemia, South Africa, 2012-2017

Nelesh P. Govender et al.

Summary: A study conducted in 29 hospitals in South Africa found that HIV-positive candidemia patients had a higher in-hospital mortality rate, but HIV-positive patients who received intensive care had a lower mortality rate. Therefore, outcomes of candidemia patients with HIV might be improved with intensive care.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Candida tropicalis is the most prevalent yeast species causing candidemia in Algeria: the urgent need for antifungal stewardship and infection control measures

Youcef Megri et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL (2020)

Article

Nosocomial pulmonary infections at Peltier Hospital, Djibouti

M. Abdoul-latif Fatouma et al.

African Journal of Microbiology Research (2020)

Meeting Abstract Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Characteristics of Candida auris Patients at a Tertiary-Care Hospital, 2017-2019, Nairobi, Kenya

Loice Ombajo et al.

INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (2020)

Article Immunology

Evaluation of the Magicplex™ Sepsis Real-Time Test for the Rapid Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections in Adults

Yuliya Zboromyrska et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

Review Infectious Diseases

Recurrent arthritis caused by Candida parapsilosis: a case report and literature review

Hang Fang et al.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

Article Infectious Diseases

Analysis of Candida auris fungemia at a single facility in Kenya

Rodney D. Adam et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

Letter Immunology

Candida auris Sternal Osteomyelitis in a Man from Kenya Visiting Australia, 2015

Christopher H. Heath et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

Article Respiratory System

Study of the prevalence and pattern of fungal pneumonias in respiratory intensive care units

Mona M. Ahmed et al.

EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY (2019)

Article Pediatrics

Role of Early Onset Neutropenia in Development of Candidemia in Premature Infants

Nermin Ramy et al.

JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS (2018)

Meeting Abstract Infectious Diseases

Drug resistant Candida species causing invasive fungal infections at a tertiary institution in Northern Nigeria

J. Ejembi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2018)

Article Immunology

Candida auris in South Africa, 2012-2016

Nelesh P. Govender et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2018)

Article Infectious Diseases

Native valve endocarditis due to Candida parapsilosis in an adult patient

Krishnee Moodley et al.

SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HIV MEDICINE (2017)

Article Infectious Diseases

Global access to antifungal therapy and its variable cost

Matthew Kneale et al.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2016)

Article Infectious Diseases

Candida biomarkers in patients with candidaemia and bacteraemia

M. Carmen Martinez-Jimenez et al.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2015)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Epidemiology of Neonatal Sepsis and Implicated Pathogens: A Study from Egypt

Eman M. Rabie Shehab El-Din et al.

BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2015)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Candidiasis, a rare cause of gastric perforation: A case report and review of literature

F. Ukekwe et al.

ANNALS OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH (2015)

Review Infectious Diseases

Global trends in the distribution of Candida species causing candidemia

J. Guinea

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2014)

Article Mycology

Postoperative rnediastinitis due to Candida tropicalis: First reported case in Morocco

A. Maleb et al.

JOURNAL DE MYCOLOGIE MEDICALE (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunochip SNP array identifies novel genetic variants conferring susceptibility to candidaemia

Vinod Kumar et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2014)

Article Infectious Diseases

Characteristics and risk factors of candidemia in pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care children's hospital in Egypt

Moustafa A. Hegazi et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (2014)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Candidaemia in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Rita O. Oladele et al.

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LABORATORY MEDICINE (2014)

Article Pediatrics

Candida perforation of the intestine in an HIV-exposed but uninfected infant

K. S. Hoffmann et al.

SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHILD HEALTH (2014)

Letter Immunology

Candida auris-Associated Candidemia, South Africa

Rindidzani E. Magobo et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2014)

Article Infectious Diseases

Candidemia among adults in Soweto, South Africa, 1990-2007

Adrian Kreusch et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2013)

Article Mycology

Invasive fungal infections in renal transplant recipients: About 11 cases

H. Trabelsi et al.

JOURNAL DE MYCOLOGIE MEDICALE (2013)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Nosocomial infection surveillance in an Egyptian neonatal intensive care unit

F. Abdel-Wahab et al.

JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION (2013)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Assessment of the types of catheter infectivity caused by Candida species and their biofilm formation. First study in an intensive care unit in Algeria

Sidi Mohammed Lahbib Seddiki et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE (2013)

Article Immunology

Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and the Outcome of Invasive Candidiasis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Melissa D. Johnson et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2012)

Article Infectious Diseases

ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: diagnostic procedures

M. Cuenca-Estrella et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2012)

Article Immunology

Toll-like Receptor 1 Polymorphisms Increase Susceptibility to Candidemia

Theo S. Plantinga et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2012)

Article Oncology

Candida albicans Cervical Lymphadenitis in Patients Who Have Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Marcella M. Alsan et al.

CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA (2011)

Article Microbiology

National Surveillance of Fungemia in Denmark (2004 to 2009)

Maiken Cavling Arendrup et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2011)

Article Microbiology

Diagnostic Issues, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes for Patients with Fungemia

Maiken Cavling Arendrup et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2011)

Review Infectious Diseases

A ten-year review of neonatal bloodstream infections in a tertiary private hospital in Kenya

Ruchika Kohli-Kochhar et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (2011)

Article Ophthalmology

Polymerase Chain Reaction in Pediatric Post-traumatic Fungal Endophthalmitis among Egyptian Children

Abdelrahman Gaber Salman et al.

OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION (2010)

Article Immunology

Diagnostic Performance of the (1→3)-β-D-Glucan Assay for Invasive Fungal Disease

Sophia Koo et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2009)

Article Infectious Diseases

Cerebral aspergillosis: tissue penetration is the key

S. Schwartz et al.

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY (2009)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Candida spp. colonization significance in critically ill medical patients:: a prospective study

PE Charles et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2005)

Article Infectious Diseases

Clinical and microbiologic determinants of serious bloodstream infections in Egyptian pediatric cancer patients: a one-year study

H El-Mahallawy et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2005)