Effects of biomimetic cross-sectional morphology on the piezoelectric properties of BaTiO3 nanorods-contained PVDF fibers

In this study, the effects of the morphology of components on the performance of a piezoelectric nanogenerator were investigated. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers with biomimetic cross-sectional morphologies inspired by plants were fabricated by integrating melt spinning, winding, and corona poling. The cross-sectional morphology of the PVDF fiber significantly influenced the piezoelectric performance because of differences in the exterior surface area and contact volume, which are important in the production of beta-phase PVDF and crystallinity. The daffodil flower-shaped PVDF fiber exhibited the best piezoelectric performance among the PVDF fibers with various biomimetic cross-sectional morphologies (i.e., daffodil flower, radish flower, papyrus stem, and stalk grain stem) possessing different active areas for piezoelectricity generation. Its open-circuit voltage of 36.05 V and short-circuit current of 3.126 mu A are attributable to its highest exterior surface area and contact volume, which maximize the active area (deformation area) for piezoelectricity generation. The effect of the morphology (nanoparticles and nanorods) of BaTiO3, which is another component of the piezoelectric nanogenerator, was also investigated using BaTiO3-contained PVDF fibers involving the daffodil flowerlike cross-sectional morphology, namely, the PVDF-daffodil/BaTiO3 nanoparticle (NP) and PVDF-daffodil/BaTiO3 nanorod (NR). Compared with nanoparticles, the rod morphology more efficiently promoted asymmetry in the fiber during fabrication. The PVDF-daffodil/BaTiO3 NR produced an excellent open-circuit voltage of 62 V and a maximum power of 91 mu W from human motion. This study provides new insights for the practical mass production and utilization of high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effects of component morphology on the performance of a piezoelectric nanogenerator. It was found that the cross-sectional morphology of the PVDF fiber significantly influenced the piezoelectric performance, with the daffodil flower-shaped PVDF fiber exhibiting the best performance. The morphology of the BaTiO3 component (nanoparticles and nanorods) was also found to affect the performance of the nanogenerator, with the nanorod morphology showing excellent performance.