Synergic use of two-dimensional materials to tailor interfaces in large area perovskite modules

In the field of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), interface engineering has been conceptualized and exploited as a powerful mean to improve solar cell performance, stability, and scalability. In this regard, here we propose the use of a multi two-dimensional (2D) materials as intra and inter layers in a mesoscopic PSCs. By combining graphene into both compact and mesoporous TiO2, Ti3C2Tx MXenes into the perovskite absorbing layer and functionalized-MoS2 at the interface between perovskite and the hole transporting layer, we boost the efficiency of PSCs (i.e., +10%) compared to the 2D materials-free PSCs. The optimized 2D materials-based structure has been successfully extended from lab-scale cell dimensions to large area module on 121 cm2 substrates (11 x11 cm2) till to 210 cm2 substrates (14.5 x14.5 cm2) with active area efficiency of 17.2% and 14.7%, respectively. The remarkable results are supported by a systematic statistical analysis, testifying the effectiveness of 2D materials interface engineering also on large area devices, extending the 2D materials-perovskite photovoltaic technology to the industrial exploitation.

Automated summary

In the field of halide perovskite solar cells, interface engineering has been used to improve solar cell performance. In this study, the use of multi two-dimensional materials as intra and inter layers in mesoscopic PSCs has led to a significant boost in efficiency. The 2D materials-based structure has also been successfully extended to large area devices.