期刊
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
卷 12, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.859049
关键词
Cryptococcus neoformans; macrophage; host immune response; cryptococcal evasion strategies; C; neoformans-macrophage interaction
资金
- NIH [R01AI123315, R21AI154318, R01AI141368]
- Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Chinese Scholarship Council
Macrophages play a crucial role in the defense against Cryptococcus infection by clearing pathogens and shaping the immune response. The interaction between Cryptococcus and macrophages determines the outcome of the infection and the susceptibility of hosts. Understanding the origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions of macrophages during Cryptococcus infection is important for developing immunotherapy for cryptococcosis treatment.
Macrophages are key cellular components of innate immunity, acting as the first line of defense against pathogens to modulate homeostatic and inflammatory responses. They help clear pathogens and shape the T-cell response through the production of cytokines and chemokines. The facultative intracellular fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans has developed a unique ability to interact with and manipulate host macrophages. These interactions dictate how Cryptococcus infection can remain latent or how dissemination within the host is achieved. In addition, differences in the activities of macrophages have been correlated with differential susceptibilities of hosts to Cryptococcus infection, highlighting the importance of macrophages in determining disease outcomes. There is now abundant information on the interaction between Cryptococcus and macrophages. In this review we discuss recent advances regarding macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during Cryptococcus infection. The importance of these strategies in pathogenesis and the potential of immunotherapy for cryptococcosis treatment is also discussed.
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