Low Exciton Binding Energies and Localized Exciton-Polaron States in 2D Tin Halide Perovskites

Aside from band gap reduction, little is understood about the effect of the tin-for-lead substitution on the fundamental optical and optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs), especially when transitioning from 3D to lower dimensional structures. Herein, we take advantage of the spectroscopic isolation of excitons in 2D MHPs to study the intrinsic differences between lead and tin MHPs. The exciton's spectral fine structure indicates a larger polaron binding energy in tin MHPs. Additionally, the electroabsorption responses of the 2D MHPs demonstrates that tin MHPs have exciton binding energies 1.5-2x lower than that of their lead counterparts. Despite the lower binding energy, the excitons in tin MHPs are more Frenkel-like with small radii, small polarizabilities, and large dipole moments. These results are interpreted as consequences of small polaron formation and disorder-induced dipole moments. This work highlights the wide range of intrinsic differences between lead and tin MHPs as well as the complexity of excited states in these systems.

Automated summary

This study investigates the intrinsic differences between lead and tin metal halide perovskites (MHPs) using the spectroscopic isolation of excitons in 2D MHPs. The results show that tin MHPs have larger polaron binding energy and lower exciton binding energy compared to lead MHPs, and their excitons exhibit Frenkel-like characteristics.