期刊
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
卷 43, 期 6, 页码 1130-1142出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12722
关键词
adaptation; environmental gradient; gene flow; genetic structure; isolation by distance; population; seascape; Skeletonema
资金
- Nordforsk Research Network
- Swedish Research Council FORMAS [215-2010-751]
- Marine Strategic grant ECOCHANGE, Academy of Finland [256074, 251564]
- Oscar and Lilli Lamms Minne, Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [IUT 19-6]
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems at Linnaeus University
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology at the University of Gothenburg through Swedish Research Council
- FORMAS, Danish Research Council [DFF-1323-00258]
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [251564, 256074, 256074, 251564] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
Aim To test if a phytoplankton bloom is panmictic, or whether geographical and environmental factors cause spatial and temporal genetic structure. Location Baltic Sea. Method During four cruises, we isolated clonal strains of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi from 9 to 10 stations along a 1132 km transect and analysed the genetic structure using eight microsatellites. Using F-statistics and Bayesian clustering analysis we determined if samples were significantly differentiated. A seascape approach was applied to examine correlations between gene flow and oceanographic connectivity, and combined partial Mantel test and RDA based variation partitioning to investigate associations with environmental gradients. Results The bloom was initiated during the second half of March in the southern and the northern-parts of the transect, and later propagated offshore. By mid-April the bloom declined in the south, whereas high phytoplankton biomass was recorded northward. We found two significantly differentiated populations along the transect. Genotypes were significantly isolated by distance and by the south-north salinity gradient, which illustrated that the effects of distance and environment were confounded. The gene flow among the sampled stations was significantly correlated with oceanographic connectivity. The depletion of silica during the progression of the bloom was related to a temporal population genetic shift. Main conclusions A phytoplankton bloom may propagate as a continuous cascade and yet be genetically structured over both spatial and temporal scales. The Baltic Sea spring bloom displayed strong spatial structure driven by oceanographic connectivity and geographical distance, which was enhanced by the pronounced salinity gradient. Temporal transition of conditions important for growth may induce genetic shifts and different phenotypic strategies, which serve to maintain the bloom over longer periods.
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