4.5 Review

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their therapeutic potential against autoimmune disorders - Advances and challenges

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Review Allergy

Improving the Efficacy of Regulatory T Cell Therapy

Paulien Baeten et al.

Summary: Autoimmunity is caused by an unbalanced immune system, leading to various disorders. Patients with autoimmune diseases are commonly treated with broad-acting immunomodulatory drugs, but face risks of severe side effects. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have the potential for cell therapy in autoimmune disorders, but require ex vivo manipulation to enhance their suppressive function.

CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Review Rheumatology

T cells in primary Sjogren's syndrome: targets for early intervention

Gwenny M. Verstappen et al.

Summary: A histological hallmark of primary SS is lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, primarily by CD4(+) T and B cells. Activated T cells contribute to disease pathogenesis by inducing B cell activation and establishing a positive feedback loop, while Tfh cells play a critical role in T cell-dependent B cell hyperactivity in the pathology.

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Article Allergy

Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement: Disease-modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases-An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO)

Franziska Roth-Walter et al.

Summary: Therapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small-molecule drugs have achieved significant success in treating chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, especially for some severe, treatment-resistant forms. T cell-based therapies aim to cure diseases by delivering engineered specific cytotoxic or regulatory T cells, revolutionizing the field of oncology and offering potential curative options for immune-driven disorders.

ALLERGY (2021)

Review Dermatology

Role of regulatory T cells in psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment

L. Nussbaum et al.

Summary: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a strong genetic component that can be triggered by environmental factors. Tregs play a fundamental role in immune homeostasis and contribute to the prevention of autoimmune disease by suppressing immune responses, but their functional regulation remains unclear in the context of psoriasis.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Influence of end stage renal disease onCD28expression and T-cell immunity

Erasmia Sampani et al.

Summary: In ESRD patients, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were significantly reduced, while CD4+ CD28null and CD8+ CD28null cells were significantly increased. The proportions of CD4+ CD28null cells were correlated with serum CRP and albumin levels.

NEPHROLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Engineered antigen-specific regulatory T cells for autoimmune skin conditions

Zhussipbek Mukhatayev et al.

Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in autoimmune skin diseases, and alterations in their numbers and functions can lead to various conditions. The use of antigen-specific Tregs engineered cells shows promise in improving treatment efficacy, though challenges in clinical applications need to be addressed.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2021)

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The role of Treg subtypes in glomerulonephritis

G. R. Herrnstadt et al.

Summary: While Th1 and Th17 T effector cells drive glomerulonephritis, regulatory T cells (Tregs) can protect against renal tissue injury. Different types of Treg subtypes, such as Treg1 and Treg17, are specialized in down regulating Th1 or Th17 responses. These specialized Tregs depend on specific transcription factors and play a crucial role in protecting renal tissue.

CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Immune regulation in renal inflammation

Katrin Neumann et al.

Summary: Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in suppressing immune responses in inflamed kidneys, but there is evidence for other immune cell populations with immunosuppressive function as well. This review summarizes mechanisms of immune cell regulation in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and acute and chronic nephrotoxicity.

CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH (2021)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

A method for expansion and retroviral transduction of mouse regulatory T cells

Dan Wu et al.

Summary: This study describes a new method for purifying, expanding, and retrovirally transducing mouse Tregs, and confirms the feasibility of the method in experiments. By using this method, it is possible to study transduced Tregs in animal models, providing a new avenue for research on genetically engineered Treg therapy for various inflammatory diseases.

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Review Immunology

The Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells in Immunity and Aging

Lourdes Rocamora-Reverte et al.

Summary: The immune system is a tightly regulated network, where regulatory T cells play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Different types of T cells have regulatory functions in modulating immune responses, and the aging process can affect the composition of immune cells.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Treg-specific IL-2 therapy can reestablish intrahepatic immune regulation in autoimmune hepatitis

Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina et al.

Summary: Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that requires lifelong immunosuppression, with relapses common after therapy discontinuation. Steroid therapy depletes intrahepatic Tregs, but increasing and strengthening these cells may help in immune regulation restoration. Studies have shown that using complexed IL-2/anti-IL-2 can enhance the Treg compartment and restore balance between Tregs and Teffs, offering new hope for AIH patients.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CD28null and Regulatory T Cells Are Substantially Disrupted in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Due to Diabetes Mellitus

Erasmia Sampani et al.

Summary: Diabetes mellitus affects the immune profile of ESRD patients even at the predialysis stage, with more prominent changes observed after hemodialysis commencement.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Immunology

Regulatory T cells in autoimmune hepatitis: an updated overview

Maria Serena Longhi et al.

Summary: Regulatory T-cells are crucial for maintaining immune balance and defects can lead to autoimmune attacks; Tregs acquiring effector cell features support the perpetuation of autoimmune damage. In autoimmune liver diseases, Treg impairment is permissive for disease initiation and progression.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

Review Immunology

Targeting Enclysis in Liver Autoimmunity, Transplantation, Viral Infection and Cancer

Yara O. Aghabi et al.

Summary: This article discusses the harm of liver inflammation leading to cirrhosis, proposes the use of regulatory T cell therapy for liver disease, and explores the idea that inhibiting enclysis may enhance treatment effectiveness.

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Treg Enhancing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases

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New Treg cell-based therapies of autoimmune diseases: towards antigen-specific immune suppression

Norihisa Mikami et al.

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The Generation and Regulation of Tissue-Resident Tregs and Their Role in Autoimmune Diseases

Shuang Wang et al.

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Current Clinical Trials in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid

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Regulatory T Cells for More Targeted Immunosuppressive Therapies

Hazim Allos et al.

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Adoptive Treg Cell Therapy in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Maria Dall'Era et al.

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Marcial Sebode et al.

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Low-Dose Interleukin-2 for Refractory Autoimmune Hepatitis

Tiong Y. Lim et al.

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Targeting Regulatory T Cells to Treat Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Masayuki Mizui et al.

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A Rapamycin-Based GMP-Compatible Process for the Isolation and Expansion of Regulatory T Cells for Clinical Trials

Henrieta Fraser et al.

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Regulatory T-cell therapy for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases: The next frontier

Jonathan H. Esensten et al.

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Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Sclerosis

Camelia Frantz et al.

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Cell-Based Therapies with T Regulatory Cells

Mateusz Gliwinski et al.

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Discarded Human Thymus Is a Novel Source of Stable and Long-Lived Therapeutic Regulatory T Cells

I. E. Dijke et al.

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Tissue Tregs

Marisella Panduro et al.

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New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus

George C. Tsokos et al.

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The Proportion of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis

Takayoshi Morita et al.

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Type 1 diabetes immunotherapy using polyclonal regulatory T cells

Jeffrey A. Bluestone et al.

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Urinary extracellular vesciles as source of biomarkers in kidney diseases

Ana Gamez-Valero et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Regulatory T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus

Kim Ohl et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

Review Immunology

tTregs, pTregs, and iTregs: similarities and differences

Ethan M. Shevach et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2014)

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Challenges in cryopreservation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) for clinical therapeutic applications

Karolina Golab et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2013)

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Regulatory T Cells: Mechanisms of Differentiation and Function

Steven Z. Josefowicz et al.

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Regulatory T cells in autoimmune hepatitis

Maria Serena Longhi et al.

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in autoimmune hepatitis are fully functional and not reduced in frequency

Moritz Peiseler et al.

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Regulatory T cells use programmed death 1 ligands to directly suppress autoreactive B cells in vivo

Janine Gotot et al.

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Human FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in systemic autoimmune diseases

Makoto Miyara et al.

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Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous Clostridium Species

Koji Atarashi et al.

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Role of CD4+CD25high+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Psoriasis

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Role of Treg in immune regulation of allergic diseases

Oscar Palomares et al.

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Cutting Edge: Increased IL-17-Secreting T Cells in Children with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes

Ashish K. Marwaha et al.

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Homeostatic imbalance of regulatory and effector T cells due to IL-2 deprivation amplifies murine lupus

Jens Y. Humrich et al.

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Genomic definition of multiple ex vivo regulatory T cell subphenotypes

Markus Feuerer et al.

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Defects in CTLA-4 are associated with abnormal regulatory T cell function in rheumatoid arthritis

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How regulatory T cells work

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CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce alternative activation of human monocytes/macrophages

Machteld M. Tiemessen et al.

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Treg cells suppress osteoclast formation -: A new link between the immune system and bone

Mario M. Zaiss et al.

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Peripheral and intestinal regulatory CD4+CD25high T cells in inflammatory bowel disease

J Maul et al.

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Impairment of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells in autoimmune liver disease

MS Longhi et al.

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Cutting edge:: Cure of colitis by CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells

C Mottet et al.

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The danger model: A renewed sense of self

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