期刊
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
卷 16, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.847083
关键词
sleep; memory consolidation; extraction of regularities; insight; temporal scaffolding; pattern recognition
资金
- National Science Foundation [NSF/SHB:EXP 1231515]
Evidence suggests that sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation, including strengthening existing memories and extracting regularities embedded within them. Slow-Wave sleep (SWS) has been found to be particularly involved in the extraction of temporal regularities. This study tested the prediction that sleep would have a greater impact on the extraction of temporal regularities when the time gap between events is shorter.
Evidence suggests that memory consolidation is facilitated by sleep, both through the strengthening of existing memories and by extracting regularities embedded in those memories. We previously observed that one sleep stage, Slow-Wave sleep (SWS), is particularly involved in the extraction of temporal regularities. We suggested that this attribute can naturally stem from the time-compressed memory replay known to occur in the hippocampus during SWS. A prediction coming out of this temporal scaffolding hypothesis is that sleep would be especially influential on extraction of temporal regularities when the time gap between the events constituting the regularities is shortish. In this study, we tested this prediction. Eighty-three participants performed a cognitive task in which hidden temporal regularities of varying time gaps were embedded. Detecting these regularities could significantly improve performance. Participants performed the task in two sessions with an interval filled with either wake or sleep in between. We found that sleep improved performance across all time gaps and that the longer the gap had been, the smaller was the improvement across both sleep and wake. No interaction between sleep and gap size was observed; however, unlike sleeping participants, awake participants did not exhibit any further performance improvement for the long gaps following the interval. In addition, across all participants, performance for the long gaps was associated with the development of conscious awareness to the regularities. We discuss these results in light of the temporal scaffolding hypothesis and suggest future directions to further elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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