T cell transcription factor expression evolves over time in granulomas from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cynomolgus macaques

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a global health concern, yearly resulting in 10 million new cases of active TB. Immunologic investigation of lung granulomas is essential for understanding host control of bacterial replication. Here, we identify and compare the pathological, cellular, and functional differences in granulomas at 4, 12, and 20 weeks post-infection in Chinese cynomolgus macaques. Original granulomas differ in transcription-factor expression within adaptive lymphocytes, with those at 12 weeks showing higher frequencies of CD8(+)T-bet(+)T cells, while CD4(+)T-ber T cells increase at 20 weeks post-infection. The appearance of T-bet(+) adaptive T cells at 12 and 20 weeks is coincident with a reduction in bacterial burden, suggesting their critical role in Mtb control, This study highlights the evolution of T cell responses within lung granulomas, suggesting that vaccines promoting the development and migration of T-bet(+)T cells would enhance mycobacterial control.

Automated summary

This study investigates the differences in pathological, cellular, and functional aspects of lung granulomas at different time points post-infection in Chinese cynomolgus macaques. The findings suggest that T-bet(+) adaptive T cells play a critical role in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and vaccines promoting the development and migration of T-bet(+)T cells could enhance mycobacterial control.