Development of gut microbiota during the first 2 years of life

Although development of microbiota in childhood has been linked to chronic immune-related conditions, early childhood determinants of microbiota development have not been fully elucidated. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to analyse faecal and saliva samples from 83 children at four time-points during their first 2 years of life and from their mothers. Our findings confirm that gut microbiota in infants have low diversity and highlight that some properties are shared with the oral microbiota, although inter-individual differences are present. A considerable convergence in gut microbiota composition was noted across the first 2 years of life, towards a more diverse adult-like microbiota. Mode of delivery accounted for some of the inter-individual variation in early childhood, but with a pronounced attenuation over time. Our study extends previous research with further characterization of the major shift in gut microbiota composition during the first 2 years of life.

Automated summary

This study used 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze fecal and saliva samples from infants and their mothers at four time points during the first 2 years of life. The findings showed that gut microbiota in infants have low diversity and share some properties with the oral microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota undergoes a significant shift during the first 2 years of life, towards a more diverse adult-like microbiota.