Molecular Phylogeny of Ethiopian Artemisia (Asteraceae) Species Based on Nuclear External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)

There are four species of Artemisia known in Ethiopia, namely A. schimperi (endemic), A. abyssinica, A. afra and A. absinthium (syn. A. rehan). All these species occurred naturally except A. absinthium, which usually grows in private gardens. The main objective of this study was to reconstruct the molecular phylogeny to determine phylogenetic positions of Ethiopian Artemisia species using the external and internal transcribed spacers (ETS, ITS). A total of 57 sequences (nine new and 48 retrieved from GenBank) were used in maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. The Ethiopian Artemisia species were recovered in three clades corresponding to subgenera (Artemisia, Absinthium and Pacifica). The sequences of Ethiopian A. absinthium (previously known as A. rehan) grouped with A. judaica and are distantly related to the European A. absinthium. Artemisia abyssinica and A. schimperi have affinities to A. subg. Pacifica with adaptations to a relatively cool and dry subalpine tropical climate.

Automated summary

This study reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of Ethiopian Artemisia species using ETS and ITS sequences. It revealed that the Ethiopian species belonged to three subgenera, with Ethiopian A. absinthium being closely related to A. judaica and distantly related to European A. absinthium. Artemisia abyssinica and A. schimperi showed affinities to A. subg. Pacifica.