期刊
NUTRIENTS
卷 14, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14071473
关键词
alpha-linolenic acid; biomarkers; cholesterol; lipid metabolism; nuts
资金
- California Walnut Commission, Folsom, CA
- Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis
- Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional [PI15/01014]
- community of Madrid
- European Union [PEJD-2016/BIO-2781]
- Marie Curie AMAROUT-II Europe Program
- European Feder Funds [AGL2016-78922-R]
- Fundacion Ramon Areces, Madrid, Spain [CIVP18A3888]
- Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion [AGL2016-78922-R]
This study investigates the mechanisms behind the lipid-lowering effect of nuts, particularly walnuts. The researchers found that long-term supplementation with walnuts can decrease LDL-cholesterol levels independently of changes in circulating microRNAs. Additionally, the study suggests that the upregulation of hsa-miR-551a, which is associated with reduced cell migration and invasion in cancers, may be a novel mechanism of walnuts in reducing cancer risk.
The mechanisms underlying the lipid-lowering effect of nuts remain elusive. This study explores whether one-year supplementation with walnuts decreases LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) by affecting the expression of circulating microRNAs (c-miRNA). In this sub-study of the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) trial, we obtained fasting serum at baseline and at 1 year from 330 free-living participants (63-79 year, 68% women), allocated into a control group (CG, abstinence from walnuts, n = 164) and a walnut group (WG, 15% of daily energy as walnuts, similar to 30-60 g/day, n = 166). Participants in the WG showed a 1 year decrease in LDL-C (-9.07, (95% confidence interval: -12.87; -5.73) mg/dL; p = 0.010 versus changes in the CG). We conducted a miRNA array in eight randomly selected participants in the WG who decreased in LDL-C. This yielded 53 c-miRNAs with statistically significant changes, 27 of which survived the correction for multiple testing. When validating them in the full population, statistical significance lasted for hsa-miR-551a, being upregulated in the WG. In mediation analysis, the change in hsa-miR-551a was unrelated to LDL-C decrease. Long-term supplementation with walnuts decreased LDL-C independently of the changes in c-miRNA. The hsa-miR-551a upregulation, which has been linked to a reduced cell migration and invasion in several carcinomas, suggests a novel mechanism of walnuts in cancer risk.
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