期刊
MATERIALS
卷 15, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma15082898
关键词
graphene; graphene oxide; rats; blood and organs; toxicity
类别
资金
- Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness [MAT2015-67750-C31, MAT2015-67750-C32, MAT2015-67750-C33-R]
- Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [RTI2018-101506-B-C31, RTI2018-101506-B-C32, RTI2018-101506-B-C33]
This study conducted in vivo tests to assess the potential side effects of graphene. It found traces of graphene in the peritoneal cavity and changes indicating a hepatic inflammatory process in blood analysis. The results contribute to a better understanding of the toxicity and potential biomedical applications of graphene.
Background: The discrepancy among the in vivo results found in the literature regarding graphene's side effects led us to conduct an in vivo study with graphene. Methods: In vivo tests involving intraperitoneal inoculation of graphene and graphene oxide nanosheets in rats were carried out to assess potential changes in the blood and organs after 15 and 30 days. Graphene and graphene oxide nanosheets at a concentration of 4 mg per kilogram were suspended in an aqueous solution of 0.9% NaCl at a 1:1 proportion (graphene or graphene oxide), i.e., 1 mg/mL. Results: Optical microscopy of liver, kidney, spleen, and lung tissues revealed no visible histological changes. However, particle traces were found in the peritoneal cavity. Thirty days after inoculation, blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. The blood analysis showed changes indicating a hepatic inflammatory process. Hematological changes after 30 days consisted of alterations to the red series, including microcytosis or higher mean hemoglobin concentrations. In addition, changes in prothrombin and thromboplastin caused longer coagulation times. Conclusion: This study contributes to further clarifying the possible toxicity of graphene and its potential biomedical applications.
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