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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy

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Countering COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pregnancy: the 4 Cs

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Summary: Despite evidence and recommendations supporting COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant issue. The emergence of highly transmissible variants among unvaccinated individuals highlights the risks of hesitancy. Solutions to overcome vaccine hesitancy in pregnancy are explored in this commentary.

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Nora K. Schaal et al.

Summary: The survey revealed that during pregnancy, the majority of women (57.4%) are not in favor of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, while breastfeeding women show higher willingness (39.5% are in favor). The willingness to be vaccinated is significantly related to the women's anxiety levels of getting infected and developing disease symptoms, with main reasons for vaccination hesitancy including limited vaccine-specific information and scientific evidence on vaccine safety, as well as fear of harming the fetus or infant.

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Summary: Population-level data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes are lacking. However, this study reveals low levels of vaccination uptake by pregnant women compared to women in the general population and that not being vaccinated is associated with increased risk of severe complications of COVID-19 in pregnancy, including perinatal mortality.

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COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: coverage and safety

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Summary: This study investigates the uptake and safety of COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women. The results show that the proportion of vaccinated pregnant women is low, and those who received the vaccine experienced similar pregnancy outcomes compared to unvaccinated pregnant women. There is lower uptake among younger women, non-White ethnicity, and lower socioeconomic background. This study contributes to the evidence on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy and emphasizes the importance of improving awareness among pregnant women and healthcare professionals on vaccine safety.

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No link between COVID-19 vaccines and early pregnancy loss

[Anonymous]

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Summary: The study found that prenatal administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine has no adverse effects on pregnancy course and outcomes. Women who received the vaccine during pregnancy were typically older, more likely to conceive following fertility treatments, and received more prenatal care, but there were no significant differences in pregnancy, delivery, or newborn complications compared to unvaccinated women.

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Mohammed Samannodi

Summary: This study found that pregnant women and those planning for pregnancy in Saudi Arabia have moderate levels of perception, hesitancy, perceived benefits, and causes of action regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. More public health awareness is needed to increase public trust in the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine.

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Gareth Iacobucci

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Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine response in pregnant and lactating women: a cohort study

Kathryn J. Gray et al.

Summary: The study found that pregnant and lactating women had equivalent antibody titers after receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccine compared to nonpregnant women, and these titers were higher than those induced by natural infection. Vaccine-induced antibodies were present in umbilical cord blood and breastmilk samples, transferring immunity to neonates through placenta and breastmilk.

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Preliminary Findings of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons

Tom T. Shimabukuro et al.

Summary: Preliminary data indicates that there are no obvious safety signals among pregnant women who received mRNA Covid-19 vaccines, but more data is needed for further confirmation. Adverse reactions such as injection-site pain were reported more frequently in pregnant women, but most pregnancies resulted in live births with some cases of preterm birth and small size for gestational age.

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Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Among Pregnant Women With and Without COVID-19 Infection The INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study

Jose Villar et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the risks associated with COVID-19 in pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with pregnant individuals without COVID-19, finding that pregnant individuals with COVID-19 were at higher risk for various complications such as preeclampsia, severe infections, and preterm birth. The findings emphasize the importance for pregnant individuals and clinicians to strictly implement recommended COVID-19 preventive measures.

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Thrombocytopenia and Intracranial Venous Sinus Thrombosis after COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca Exposure

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Summary: The study focused on clinical manifestations and management of patients with cranial venous sinus thrombosis following exposure to the COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca, showing that these patients shared similarities in diagnosis and treatment processes.

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Myocarditis With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines

Biykem Bozkurt et al.

Summary: Myocarditis is a rare complication of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, predominantly affecting young adult and adolescent males, with most patients showing improvement in symptoms. Possible mechanisms include molecular mimicry between viral proteins and self-antigens, dysregulated immune pathways, immune response to mRNA, and dysregulated cytokine expression.

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Summary: The retrospective cohort study found that BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in pregnant women was associated with a significantly reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to no vaccination. However, interpretation of the study findings is limited by the observational design.

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Noa Dagan et al.

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Lauren H. Zauche et al.

Summary: The risk of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy after receiving mRNA Covid-19 vaccination is consistent with historical data.

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Summary: The vaccine BNT162b2 was found to have no adverse effects on reproduction and development in rats, and its safety for both mothers and offspring was confirmed. This data supports further studies on BNT162b2 in women of childbearing potential, pregnant, and lactating women.

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Short-term outcome of pregnant women vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

S. Bookstein Peretz et al.

Summary: This observational study compared the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The study found that pregnant women experienced similar rates of adverse effects following vaccination as non-pregnant women, with lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG. The vaccine was effective in generating a humoral immune response in pregnant women, with no safety concerns identified.

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Summary: While there is a consensus that mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 will ultimately end the pandemic, it remains unclear when and which control measures can be relaxed during the rollout of vaccination programs. Research suggests that restarting socioeconomic activities urgently could trigger new pandemic waves, requiring substantial control efforts throughout 2021.

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Short-term Reactions Among Pregnant and Lactating Individuals in the First Wave of the COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout

Alisa Kachikis et al.

Summary: This cohort study compared short-term reactions following COVID-19 vaccination between pregnant and lactating individuals and those who are not pregnant or lactating but planning pregnancy.

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in preventing confirmed infection in pregnant women

Adeel A. Butt et al.

Summary: The study found that mRNA vaccines provide a high level of protection against documented SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. This supports the inclusion of pregnant women in vaccination campaigns.

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COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy: early experience from a single institution

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Pregnancy and birth outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy

Regan N. Theiler et al.

Summary: In this study, pregnant women who received COVID-19 vaccination were less likely to contract COVID-19 compared to those who did not receive the vaccine, and vaccination during pregnancy did not lead to increased risks of pregnancy or delivery complications. Factors such as older age, higher education level, non-smoking status, use of infertility treatment during current pregnancy, and lower gravidity were associated with a higher likelihood of vaccination.

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Covid-19 Vaccination during Pregnancy and First-Trimester Miscarriage

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