Preexisting Condition Protections Under the Affordable Care Act: Changes in Insurance Coverage, Premium Contributions, and Out-of-Pocket Spending

Objectives: In January 2014, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) preexisting condition protections prohibited coverage denials, premium increases, and claim denials on the basis of preexisting conditions. This study aimed to examine changes in coverage and premiums and out-of-pocket spending after the implementation of the preexisting condition protections under the ACA.Methods: We identified adults aged 18 to 64 years with (n = 59 041) and without preexisting conditions (n = 61 970) from the 2011-2013 and 2015-2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We used a difference-in-differences and a difference -in-difference-in-differences approach to assess the associations of preexisting condition protections and changes in insurance coverage, premium contributions, and out-of-pocket spending after the ACA. Simple and multivariable logistic or multivariable 2-part models were fitted for the full sample and stratified by family income (low #138% federal poverty level [FPL]; middle 139%-400% FPL; and high . 400 FPL). Results: The ACA increased nongroup insurance coverage to a similar extent for individuals with or without preexisting conditions at all income levels. Decreases in premium contributions were observed to a similar extent among families with nongroup private coverage regardless of declinable preexisting condition status, whereas no significant changes were observed among families with group coverage. We found greater decreases in out-of-pocket spending for individuals with preexisting conditions than those without conditions among both individuals covered by nongroup and group insurance, and a greater difference was observed among those covered by nongroup insurance (difference-in-difference -in-differences-$279; 95% confidence interval-$528 to-$29).Conclusions: The ACA protections were associated with decreases in out-of-pocket spending among adults with preexisting conditions.

Automated summary

The study examined the impact of the preexisting condition protections under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on insurance coverage, premiums, and out-of-pocket spending. The results showed that the ACA increased nongroup insurance coverage for individuals with or without preexisting conditions, and decreased premium contributions for families with nongroup private coverage. Additionally, there were greater decreases in out-of-pocket spending for individuals with preexisting conditions, especially among those covered by nongroup insurance.