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ADAR1 and its implications in cancer development and treatment

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Increase in ADAR1p110 activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway associated with aggressive phenotype in triple negative breast cancer cells

Fernanda Morales et al.

Summary: In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), ADAR1 is found to be connected with the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. ADAR1 overexpression alters the expression of key components of the Wnt pathway, promoting tumor invasion and neovascularization.
Article Oncology

Transcriptome Profiling of ADAR1 Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Mechanisms for Regulating Growth and Invasion

Allison R. Baker et al.

Summary: ADAR1 plays a critical role in triple-negative breast cancer, and its loss leads to reduced cell growth, invasion, and mammosphere formation. ADAR1 regulates both coding and noncoding targets by altering gene expression level, A-to-I editing, and splicing. The study also reveals that several tumor suppressor miRNAs are upregulated upon ADAR1 loss, suppressing cell-cycle progression and invasion.

MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CircNEIL3 regulatory loop promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression via miRNA sponging and A-to-I RNA-editing

Peng Shen et al.

Summary: The study identified that circNEIL3 is upregulated in PDAC and promotes tumor growth and metastasis by regulating the expression of ADAR1 through sponging miR-432-5p, ultimately affecting cell cycle progression and promoting EMT. The circNEIL3/miR-432-5p/ADAR1/GLI1/cell cycle and EMT axis is correlated with the clinical stage and overall survival of PDAC patients.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

ADAR1 RNA editing enzyme regulates R-loop formation and genome stability at telomeres in cancer cells

Yusuke Shiromoto et al.

Summary: The study shows that the nuclear isoform p110 of ADAR1 regulates R loop formation and genome stability at telomeres in cancer cells. Editing of A-C mismatches by ADAR1p110 assists in resolving telomeric R loops, crucial for the proliferation of telomerase-positive cancer cells. These findings highlight the pro-oncogenic nature of ADAR1p110 and identify ADAR1 as a promising therapeutic target for telomerase positive cancers.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Targeting RNA editing of antizyme inhibitor 1: A potential oligonucleotide-based antisense therapy for cancer

Daryl Jin Tai Tay et al.

Summary: The study identified chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting AZIN1 that effectively inhibited cancer cell viability in vitro and tumor growth in xenograft models, demonstrating the potential of AZIN1-targeting ASOs for a wide range of tumor types.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2021)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Reprogramming of the esophageal squamous carcinoma epigenome by SOX2 promotes ADAR1 dependence

Zhong Wu et al.

Summary: The transition from normal esophageal tissue to squamous carcinoma is characterized by an altered SOX2 cistrome, leading to transcriptional reprogramming that activates endogenous retroviruses and double-stranded RNA expression, creating a dependency on the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1.

NATURE GENETICS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Decoupling expression and editing preferences of ADAR1 p150 and p110 isoforms

Tony Sun et al.

Summary: Defective ADAR1 editing can lead to disorders, with the two protein isoforms p150 and p110 showing different contributions to RNA editing. The challenges in expressing p150 without p110 may explain the differences in editing landscape between the two isoforms.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Genetics & Heredity

RNA editing at a limited number of sites is sufficient to prevent MDA5 activation in the mouse brain

Jung In Kim et al.

Summary: RNA editing by ADAR1 p150 is sufficient to prevent MDA5 activation, as demonstrated by the absence of elevated ISGs expression in Adar1 p110-specific knockout mice. Only a very limited number of editing sites, potentially mediated by ADAR1 p150, are necessary for this function to avoid innate immune activation in the mouse brain.

PLOS GENETICS (2021)

Article Immunology

Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome-associated mutation at ADAR1 gene locus activates innate immune response in mouse brain

Xinfeng Guo et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that an AGS-associated mutation in ADAR1, specifically the p.K999N mutation, activates the IFN pathway in the mouse brain, replicating aspects of the brain interferonopathy of AGS. Neurons and microglia in the mutant mice express different ISGs, indicating potential second hits may be required for the full clinical phenotype seen in AGS patients.

JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

An ADAR1-dependent RNA editing event in the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK13 promotes thyroid cancer hallmarks

Julia Ramirez-Moya et al.

Summary: ADAR1 deregulation leads to increased A-to-I editing in thyroid tumors, with CDK13 being identified as an oncogene that is significantly over-edited in tumor samples. This editing event promotes cancer cell hallmarks and increases the nucleolar abundance of the protein, potentially explaining the global splicing changes induced by ADAR1 deregulation.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2021)

Article Oncology

Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase-knockdown inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of DU145 and PC3 cells by promoting the phosphorylation of H2A.X variant histone

Xiezhao Li et al.

Summary: ADAR1 is highly expressed in PCa tissues and CRPCa, and may act as a tumor promoter in PCa development. Knockdown of ADAR1 decreases proliferation and induces apoptosis in DU145 and PC3 cells, suggesting its potential role as a tumor suppressor in PCa treatment.

ONCOLOGY LETTERS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

ADAR-mediated RNA editing of DNA:RNA hybrids is required for DNA double strand break repair

Sonia Jimeno et al.

Summary: Specific RNA-related factors, including the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR2, play important roles in DNA repair. The researchers found that RNA editing is involved in the response to DNA damage, with a phenomenon called the RNA Editing DAmage Response (REDAR) being observed. REDAR relies on the checkpoint kinase ATR and the recombination factor CtIP, and depletion of ADAR2 leads to increased cellular sensitivity to genotoxic agents and impaired homologous recombination.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

ADAR1 is a new target of METTL3 and plays a pro-oncogenic role in glioblastoma by an editing-independent mechanism

Valentina Tassinari et al.

Summary: The study reveals that METTL3 methylates ADAR1 mRNA and increases its protein level, linking m6A and A-to-I editing and promoting glioblastoma growth. ADAR1 plays a crucial role in cancer progression and its knockdown can strongly inhibit glioblastoma growth.

GENOME BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evaluating the therapeutic potential of ADAR1 inhibition for triple-negative breast cancer

Che-Pei Kung et al.

Summary: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the deadliest form of breast cancer with no targeted therapy available. The ADAR1 enzyme, highly expressed in TNBC, is essential for the survival of TNBC cell lines. Knockdown of ADAR1 in TNBC cells attenuates proliferation and tumorigenesis, leading to translational repression and elevated IFN stimulated gene expression. These findings establish ADAR1 as a novel therapeutic target for TNBC tumors.

ONCOGENE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ADAR1p150 regulates the biosynthesis and function of miRNA-149*in human melanoma

M. M. Yujie Ding et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cis- and trans-regulations of pre-mRNA splicing by RNA editing enzymes influence cancer development

Sze Jing Tang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ADAR1-mediated RNA editing is a novel oncogenic process in thyroid cancer and regulates miR-200 activity

Julia Ramirez-Moya et al.

ONCOGENE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ADAR1 Transcriptome editing promotes breast cancer progression through the regulation of cell cycle and DNA damage response

Eduardo A. Sagredo et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ADAR1 Suppresses Interferon Signaling in Gastric Cancer Cells by MicroRNA-302a-Mediated IRF9/STAT1 Regulation

Lushang Jiang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Functional genomic landscape of cancer-intrinsic evasion of killing by T cells

Keith A. Lawson et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Loss of ADAR1 in tumours overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade

Jeffrey J. Ishizuka et al.

NATURE (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tumor-derived IFN triggers chronic pathway agonism and sensitivity to ADAR loss

Huayang Liu et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2019)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The majority of A-to-I RNA editing is not required for mammalian homeostasis

Alistair M. Chalk et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human ADAR1 Prevents Endogenous RNA from Triggering Translational Shutdown

Hachung Chung et al.

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tumor-associated intronic editing of HNRPLL generates a novel splicing variant linked to cell proliferation

Yi-Tung Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2018)

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ADAR1-mediated regulation of melanoma invasion

Yael Nemlich et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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A-to-I miR-378a-3p editing can prevent melanoma progression via regulation of PARVA expression

Guermarie Velazquez-Torres et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Article Neurosciences

Adar3 Is Involved in Learning and Memory in Mice

Dessislava Mladenova et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

RNA editing of Filamin A pre-mRNA regulates vascular contraction and diastolic blood pressure

Mamta Jain et al.

EMBO JOURNAL (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification of ADAR1 adenosine deaminase dependency in a subset of cancer cells

Hugh S. Gannon et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

AZIN1 RNA editing confers cancer stemness and enhances oncogenic potential in colorectal cancer

Kunitoshi Shigeyasu et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2018)

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Deciphering the Epitranscriptome in Cancer

Hao Lian et al.

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A-to-I RNA Editing Up-regulates Human Dihydrofolate Reductase in Breast Cancer

Masataka Nakano et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2017)

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Dynamic landscape and regulation of RNA editing in mammals

Meng How Tan et al.

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ADAR1 controls apoptosis of stressed cells by inhibiting Staufen1-mediated mRNA decay

Masayuki Sakurai et al.

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The RNA modification landscape in human disease

Nicky Jonkhout et al.

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The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR promotes lung adenocarcinoma migration and invasion by stabilizing FAK

Elianna M. Amin et al.

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ADAR1 controls apoptosis of stressed cells by inhibiting Staufen1-mediated mRNA decay

Masayuki Sakurai et al.

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The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR promotes lung adenocarcinoma migration and invasion by stabilizing FAK

Elianna M. Amin et al.

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RNA Editing Modulates Human Hepatic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Expression by Creating MicroRNA Recognition Sequence

Masataka Nakano et al.

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A-to-I editing of coding and non-coding RNAs by ADARs

Kazuko Nishikura

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ADAR1 Activation Drives Leukemia Stem Cell Self-Renewal by Impairing Let-7 Biogenesis

Maria Anna Zipeto et al.

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ADAR-Mediated RNA Editing Predicts Progression and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer

Tim Hon Man Chan et al.

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The mRNA-edited form of GABRA3 suppresses GABRA3-mediated Akt activation and breast cancer metastasis

Kiranmai Gumireddy et al.

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PRUNE2 is a human prostate cancer suppressor regulated by the intronic long noncoding RNA PCA3

Ahmad Salameh et al.

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RNA EDITING RNA editing by ADAR1 prevents MDA5 sensing of endogenous dsRNA as nonself

Brian J. Liddicoat et al.

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Profiling RNA editing in human tissues: towards the inosinome Atlas

Ernesto Picardi et al.

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Principles Governing A-to-I RNA Editing in the Breast Cancer Transcriptome

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Hippocampus-specific deficiency in RNA editing of GluA2 in Alzheimer's disease

Inna Gaisler-Salomon et al.

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The RNA-Editing Enzyme ADAR1 Controls Innate Immune Responses to RNA

Niamh M. Mannion et al.

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A role of ADAR2 and RNA editing of glutamate receptors in mood disorders and schizophrenia

Mie Kubota-Sakashita et al.

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MicroRNA-mediated loss of ADAR1 in metastatic melanoma promotes tumor growth

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Recoding RNA editing of AZIN1 predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma

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Deciphering the functions and regulation of brain-enriched A-to-I RNA editing

Jin Billy Li et al.

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ADAR1 promotes malignant progenitor reprogramming in chronic myeloid leukemia

Qingfei Jiang et al.

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Global regulation of alternative splicing by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)

Oz Solomon et al.

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ADAR Regulates RNA Editing, Transcript Stability, and Gene Expression

Isabel X. Wang et al.

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Accurate identification of A-to-I RNA editing in human by transcriptome sequencing

Jae Hoon Bahn et al.

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Attenuated adenosine-to-inosine editing of microRNA-376a* promotes invasiveness of glioblastoma cells

Yukti Choudhury et al.

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Profound downregulation of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 in ALS spinal motor neurons

Takuto Hideyama et al.

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Predicting sites of ADAR editing in double-stranded RNA

Julie M. Eggington et al.

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Liver disintegration in the mouse embryo caused by deficiency in the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1

JC Hartner et al.

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Underediting of glutamate receptor GluR-B mRNA in malignant gliomas

S Maas et al.

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