ADAR1 and its implications in cancer development and treatment

The family of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) regulates global gene expression output by catalyzing adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and through interacting with RNA and other proteins. ADARs play important roles in development and disease, including an increasing connection to cancer progression. ADAR1 has demonstrated a largely pro-oncogenic role in a growing list of cancer types, and its function in cancer has been attributed to diverse mechanisms. Here, we review existing literature on ADAR1 biology and function, its roles in human disease including cancer, and summarize known cancer-associated phenotypes and mechanisms. Lastly, we discuss implications and outstanding questions in the field, including strategies for targeting ADAR1 in cancer.

Automated summary

The family of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) regulates gene expression through editing of RNA and interactions with other molecules. ADAR1 plays a crucial role in cancer progression and its function is attributed to various mechanisms. This review examines the biology and function of ADAR1, its involvement in cancer and known cancer-associated phenotypes and mechanisms. The implications and outstanding questions in the field, including targeting ADAR1 in cancer, are also discussed.