期刊
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
卷 67, 期 -, 页码 7-13出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2016.01.011
关键词
Cristobalite; Uniaxial compressive strength; Iron Age technology; Darley Dale sandstone
资金
- Procope - Hubert Curien - Partnership (PHC) [332065SG]
- ERC advanced grant EVOKES (explosive volcanism in the earth system: experimental insights) [247076]
There is widespread evidence that the walls of Iron Age forts across Europe were set on fire, causing partial melting of the stonework followed by either recrystallization or glass formation on cooling - a process termed vitrification. The motivation for fort wall firing has remained speculative since its first description in 1777. Since the suggestion of MacKie (1969) that fort vitrification might destabilize fort walls, the debate as to motives has focused on combative or destructive intentions. Here, a multidisciplinary analysis of experimental fort wall samples shows that in fact vitrification results in strengthening, not weakening. The strengthening involves diffusive and viscous sintering of material aggregates and size-dependent heat transfer. These new results support a long-since-dismissed idea that Iron Age fort walls were intentionally set ablaze in order to fortify the walls. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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