4.5 Article

Toxic effects of chemical dispersant Corexit 9500 on water flea Daphnia magna

期刊

JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
卷 37, 期 2, 页码 201-206

出版社

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jat.3343

关键词

Chemical dispersant; Corexit EC9500A; Daphnia magna; OECD TG202; OECD TG211; Short-term screening assay

资金

  1. JSPS KAKENHI [15H06839, 15H04396]
  2. NIBB International Collaborative Research Initiative
  3. Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [GoMRI-031]
  4. National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB12D225]
  5. NSF East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes (EAPSI)
  6. JSPS
  7. Office Of Internatl Science &Engineering
  8. Office Of The Director [1515477] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  9. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15H04396, 15H06839] Funding Source: KAKEN

向作者/读者索取更多资源

In 2010, approximately 2.1 million gallons of chemical dispersants, mainly Corexit 9500, were applied in the Gulf of Mexico to prevent the oil slick from reaching shorelines and to accelerate biodegradation of oil during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Recent studies have revealed toxic effects of Corexit 9500 on marine microzooplankton that play important roles in food chains in marine ecosystems. However, there is still little known about the toxic effects of Corexit 9500 on freshwater zooplankton, even though oil spills do occur in freshwater and chemical dispersants may be used in response to these spills. The cladoceran crustacean, water flea Daphnia magna, is a well-established model species for various toxicological tests, including detection of juvenile hormone-like activity in test compounds. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of Corexit 9500 using D. magna. The acute toxicity test was conducted according to OECD TG202 and the 48 h EC50 was 1.31ppm (CIs 0.99-1.64ppm). The reproductive chronic toxicity test was performed following OECD TG211 ANNEX 7 and 21 days LOEC and NOEC values were 4.0 and 2.0ppm, respectively. These results indicate that Corexit 9500 has toxic effects on daphnids, particularly during the neonatal developmental stage, which is consistent with marine zooplankton results, whereas juvenile hormone-like activity was not identified. Therefore, our findings of the adverse effects of Corexit 9500 on daphnids suggest that application of this type of chemical dispersant may have catastrophic impacts on freshwater ecosystems by disrupting the key food chain network. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. To understand the toxic effects of chemical dispersant, Corexit 9500, on freshwater zooplankton, we conducted the acute and chronic toxicity tests using Daphnia magna. Our results indicate that it has toxic effects on daphnids, particularly during the neonatal developmental stage, which is consistent with marine zooplankton results. Therefore, our findings of its adverse effects on daphnids suggest that application of this type of chemical dispersant may have catastrophic impacts on freshwater ecosystems by disrupting the key food chain network.

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