期刊
SENSORS
卷 22, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s22072690
关键词
pollen monitoring; object detection; deep neural networks
This research evaluated the automatic analysis of pollen material based on digital microscopic photos using a deep neural network called YOLO. The results showed that YOLO outperformed other deep learning methods in terms of detection and recognition, with mean average precision ranging from 86.8% to 92.4% for the test sets. The study also identified difficulties in correctly classifying pollen material, such as the similarities and overlapping of grains.
Analysis of pollen material obtained from the Hirst-type apparatus, which is a tedious and labor-intensive process, is usually performed by hand under a microscope by specialists in palynology. This research evaluated the automatic analysis of pollen material performed based on digital microscopic photos. A deep neural network called YOLO was used to analyze microscopic images containing the reference grains of three taxa typical of Central and Eastern Europe. YOLO networks perform recognition and detection; hence, there is no need to segment the image before classification. The obtained results were compared to other deep learning object detection methods, i.e., Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet. YOLO outperformed the other methods, as it gave the mean average precision (mAP@.5:.95) between 86.8% and 92.4% for the test sets included in the study. Among the difficulties related to the correct classification of the research material, the following should be noted: significant similarities of the grains of the analyzed taxa, the possibility of their simultaneous occurrence in one image, and mutual overlapping of objects.
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