4.6 Review

Brown algal cell walls and development

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Properties and potential applications of mannuronan C5-epimerase: A biotechnological tool for modifying alginate

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Summary: Alginate, an industrially important polysaccharide, has its biological activities and physical properties determined by M/G ratios and distribution patterns. MC5E, as a crucial alginate-modifying enzyme, is regarded as a biotechnological tool for altering the properties of alginate. The crystal structures and catalytic mechanisms of several MC5Es have been elucidated, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the research status of these enzymes.

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Biochemical characteristics of a diffusible factor that induces gametophyte to sporophyte switching in the brown alga Ectocarpus

Haiqin Yao et al.

Summary: The life cycle of the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus involves alternation between sporophyte and gametophyte generations, with deployment of the sporophyte developmental program requiring specific transcription factors. The sporophyte generation secretes a diffusible factor that may belong to the arabinogalactan proteins family.

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Arabinogalactan glycoprotein dynamics during the progamic phase in the tomato pistil

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Summary: The study revealed dynamic localization patterns of pistil AGPs in response to fertilization in tomato, identified AGP genes specifically enriched in reproductive tissues, and laid the foundation for future functional studies by uncovering previously unreported genes with enriched expression in different subsections of the mature pistil.

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Evolution of life cycles and reproductive traits: Insights from the brown algae

Svenja Heesch et al.

Summary: A study on the evolution of life cycles in brown algae revealed that diploid growth evolves when sexual reproduction is preferred over asexual reproduction. The research also found that haploid sex determination is ancestral to diploid sex determination, and isogamous species in brown algae evolved from anisogamous ancestors, contrary to the commonly reported pattern of evolution from isogamy to anisogamy.

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Targeted CRISPR-Cas9-based gene knockouts in the model brown alga Ectocarpus

Yacine Badis et al.

Summary: Mutations at specific target sites can be generated in Ectocarpus cells following the introduction of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins, providing a potentially useful reverse genetics tool for studying diverse aspects of brown algal biology. This methodology has the potential to enhance the utility of Ectocarpus as a model organism and could be transferable to other brown algal species.

NEW PHYTOLOGIST (2021)

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Role and Evolution of the Extracellular Matrix in the Acquisition of Complex Multicellularity in Eukaryotes: A Macroalgal Perspective

Bernard Kloareg et al.

Summary: Multicellular eukaryotes have an expanded extracellular matrix that plays essential roles in tissue texture, cell screening, development, and immunity. The expansion of ECM in multicellular marine algae is crucial for the acquisition of complex multicellularity through various innovations, leading to convergences in ECM structures and functions across algae, animals, and plants.
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Phylogeny and Evolution of the Brown Algae

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Presence of Exogenous Sulfate Is Mandatory for Tip Growth in the Brown AlgaEctocarpus subulatus

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The role of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruit ripening-a review

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Alginates along the filament of the brown alga Ectocarpus help cells cope with stress

Herve Rabille et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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The brown algal mode of tip growth: Keeping stress under control

Herve Rabille et al.

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Marina Linardic et al.

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Dynamics of cell wall assembly during early embryogenesis in the brown alga Fucus

Thomas A. Torode et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY (2016)

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Functional heterologous expression and characterization of mannuronan C5-epimerase from the brown alga Saccharina japonica

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ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS (2016)

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Naihao Ye et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

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Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to Fucoidan Preparations from Brown Algae

Thomas A. Torode et al.

PLOS ONE (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural and Functional Characterization of the R-modules in Alginate C-5 Epimerases AlgE4 and AlgE6 from Azotobacter vinelandii

Edith Buchinger et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2014)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Coping with low ocean sulfate

Yuichiro Ueno

SCIENCE (2014)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ETOILE Regulates Developmental Patterning in the Filamentous Brown Alga Ectocarpus siliculosus

Aude Le Bail et al.

PLANT CELL (2011)

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OUROBOROS is a master regulator of the gametophyte to sporophyte life cycle transition in the brown alga Ectocarpus

Susana M. Coelho et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

Article Plant Sciences

Pectin methylesterase, a regulator of pollen tube growth

M Bosch et al.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2005)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mode of action of recombinant Azotobacter vinelandii mannuronan C-5 epimerases AlgE2 and AlgE4

M Hartmann et al.

BIOPOLYMERS (2002)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Hexuronyl C5-epimerases in alginate and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis

S Valla et al.

BIOCHIMIE (2001)

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Cell wall deposition during morphogenesis in fucoid algae

SR Bisgrove et al.

PLANTA (2001)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Influence of environmental conditions on the activity of the recombinant mannuronan C-5-epimerase AlgE2

MV Ramstad et al.

ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY (2001)