Mechanics of axon growth and damage: A systematic review of computational models

Normal axon development depends on the action of mechanical forces both generated within the cytoskeleton and outside the cell, but forces of large magnitude or rate cause damage instead. Computational models aid scientists in studying the role of mechanical forces in axon growth and damage. These studies use simulations to evaluate how different sources of force generation within the cytoskeleton interact with each other to regulate axon elongation and retraction. Furthermore, mathematical models can help optimize externally applied tension to promote axon growth without causing damage. Finally, scientists also use simulations of axon damage to investigate how forces are distributed among different components of the axon and how the tissue surrounding an axon influences its susceptibility to injury. In this review, we discuss how computational studies complement experimental studies in the areas of axon growth, regeneration, and damage.

Automated summary

Normal axon development relies on mechanical forces, but excessive forces can cause damage. Computational models assist in studying the role of mechanical forces in axon growth and damage. They evaluate interactions between different force sources within the cytoskeleton and optimize externally applied tension. They also investigate how forces distribute among axon components and how the tissue surrounding an axon affects its susceptibility to injury.