期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 817, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152855
关键词
Stormwater; Urban water; Metal; Pollutant export; Seasonality
资金
- Academy of Finland (Project URCA within the AKVA program) [263308, 263320, 263335]
- European Union Life + program (2009-2011)
- Maa-ja Vesitekniikan Tuki Ry
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [263320, 263308, 263335, 263308, 263320, 263335] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
The study reveals the spatio-temporal patterns of stormwater metal concentrations and loads in urbanized and rural catchments, with a seasonal relationship between catchment urban intensity and metal export. The study also emphasizes the importance of catchment-scale management designs to address diffuse pollutant sources in urban areas.
Urban hydrology is characterized by increased runoff and various pollutant sources. We studied the spatio-temporal patterns of stormwater metal (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb) concentrations and loads in five urbanized and one rural catchment in Southern Finland. The two-year continuous monitoring revealed a non-linear seasonal relationship between catchment urban intensity and metal export. For runoff, seasonal variation decreased with increasing imperviousness. The most urbanized catchments experienced greatest temporal variation in metal concentrations: the annual Cu and Zn loads in most of the studied urbanized catchments were up to 86 times higher compared to the rural site, whereas Fe loads in the urbanized catchments were only circa 29% of the rural load. Total metal levels were highest in the winter, whereas the winter peak of dissolved metal concentrations was less pronounced. The collection of catchment characteristics explained well the total metal concentrations, whereas for the dissolved concentrations the explanatory power was weaker. Our catchment-scale analysis revealed a mosaic of mainly diffuse pollutant sources and calls for catchment-scale management designs. As urban metal export occurred across seasons, solutions that operate also in cold conditions are needed.
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