期刊
SCIENCE
卷 377, 期 6601, 页码 95-+出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abo7063
关键词
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资金
- National Science Foundation [EAR-1952392, EAR-1847736]
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency Nuclear Arms Control Technology program [HQ003421F0112]
- US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory
- US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
- National Science Foundation grant [EAR-1952392]
- US Department of Energy by the LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
- NASA
- French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-19-CE040003]
- CNES
- CNES APR project RealDetect
- JSPS KAKENHI [19K04034, 21K21353]
- Royal Society [IES\R2\202007]
- Los Alamos National Laboratory [89233218CNA000001]
- Projects PAPIIT-UNAM [NI108219]
- UCMEXUS-CONACYT
- Strategic Science Investment Funding
- Penn State College of Engineering
- NASA Earth Surface and Interior Program under Ben Phillips
- UCMEXUS-CONACYT grant [699758]
- Proyecto Generacion de capacidades para la difusion de alertas tempranas y para el desarrollo de instrumentos de decision ante las amenazas sismicas y volcanicas dirigidos al Sistema Nacional de Gestion de Riesgos
- Basic Research Project of KIGAM [GP2020-017, GP2021-006]
- SAGE II-IDA Network Operations [SU-19-1001-08-UCSD]
- IGPP/SIO/UCSD internal funding
- DARPA [HR00112120003]
- Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) through its funding from the National Research Foundation of Singapore
- Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development (NNSA DNN RD)
The eruption of the Hunga volcano in Tonga on 15 January 2022 caused an explosion in the atmosphere, generating a range of atmospheric waves that were observed globally. The eruption produced significant infrasound, audible sound, and ionospheric perturbations, and contributed to the occurrence of tsunamis. The exceptional observations of the atmospheric waves are highlighted in this study.
The 15 January 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, produced an explosion in the atmosphere of a size that has not been documented in the modern geophysical record. The event generated a broad range of atmospheric waves observed globally by various ground-based and spaceborne instrumentation networks. Most prominent was the surface-guided Lamb wave (less than or similar to 0.01 hertz), which we observed propagating for four (plus three antipodal) passages around Earth over 6 days. As measured by the Lamb wave amplitudes, the climactic Hunga explosion was comparable in size to that of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. The Hunga eruption produced remarkable globally detected infrasound (0.01 to 20 hertz), long-range (similar to 10,000 kilometers) audible sound, and ionospheric perturbations. Seismometers worldwide recorded pure seismic and air-to-ground coupled waves. Air-to-sea coupling likely contributed to fast-arriving tsunamis. Here, we highlight exceptional observations of the atmospheric waves.
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