期刊
SCIENCE
卷 376, 期 6588, 页码 80-+出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abl5584
关键词
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资金
- Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions: Individual Fellowship, H2020-MSCA-IF2018-2020 [792611]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [756226]
- Philip Leverhulme Prize
- NSF [DEB1456826, DEB 1654952, DEB 1654949]
- Belgian Science Policy Office project BRAIN [BR/121/A3/PalEurAfrica]
- Lisa Levin Appel Family Foundation
- M. Cleworth, Lyda Hill Philanthropies
- David B. Jones Foundation
- National Agency for Research and Development (ANID)/PFCHA/Doctorado en el extranjero Becas Chile/2018 [72190003]
- American Museum of Natural History Frick Fund, Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History
- US National Science Foundation [DEB-1257572]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [792611] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
Contrary to traditional beliefs, early placental mammals initially decreased their relative brain sizes as body mass increased faster. Later in the late Eocene, multiple crown lineages independently acquired highly encephalized brains through significant growth in sensory regions.
Mammals are the most encephalized vertebrates, with the largest brains relative to body size. Placental mammals have particularly enlarged brains, with expanded neocortices for sensory integration, the origins of which are unclear. We used computed tomography scans of newly discovered Paleocene fossils to show that contrary to the convention that mammal brains have steadily enlarged over time, early placentals initially decreased their relative brain sizes because body mass increased at a faster rate. Later in the Eocene, multiple crown lineages independently acquired highly encephalized brains through marked growth in sensory regions. We argue that the placental radiation initially emphasized increases in body size as extinction survivors filled vacant niches. Brains eventually became larger as ecosystems saturated and competition intensified.
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