期刊
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
卷 303, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103924
关键词
Opioid; Acetylcholine; Microinjection; Whole-body plethysmography; Poincare analysis
资金
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
This study found that opioids have specific effects on breathing, and that increased cholinergic activity can alleviate the decrease in minute ventilation caused by opioids.
Opioids impair many functions modulated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), including wakefulness, cognition, and breathing. In contrast, cholinergic activity in the PFC increases wakefulness. This study tested the hypothesis that microinjecting the opioid fentanyl and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine into the PFC of awake C57BL/6J male mice (n = 27) alters breathing. The lateral and medial PFC were unilaterally microinjected with saline (control) and fentanyl. The medial PFC received additional microinjections of neostigmine. The results show that fentanyl caused site-specific changes in breathing. Fentanyl delivered to the lateral PFC significantly decreased minute ventilation variability, whereas fentanyl delivered to the medial PFC significantly increased tidal volume and duty cycle. Neostigmine microinjected into the medial PFC significantly increased respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute ventilation. A final series of experiments revealed that decreased minute ventilation caused by systemic fentanyl administration was mitigated by PFC microinjection of neostigmine.
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