PtrHAT22, as a higher hierarchy regulator, coordinately regulates secondary cell wall component biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa

Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) II transcription factors (TFs) have been reported to play vital roles in diverse biological processes of plants. However, it remains unclear whether HD-Zip II TFs regulate secondary cell wall (SCW) in woody plants. In this study, we performed the functional characterization of a Populus trichocarpa HD-Zip II TF, PtrHAT22, which encodes a nuclear localized transcription repressor predominantly expressing in secondary developing tissues. Overexpression of PtrHAT22 showed arrested growths, including reduced heights and diameters above the ground, small leaves, and decreased biomass. Meanwhile, the contents of lignin, cellulose, and thickness of SCW significantly decreased, whilst the content of hemicellulose obviously increased in PtrHAT22 transgenic poplar. The expressions of some wood-associated TFs and structural genes significantly changed accordingly with the alternations of SCW characteristics in PtrHAT22 transgenic poplar. Furthermore, PtrHAT22 directly repressed the promoter activities of PtrMYB20, PtrMYB28, and PtrCOMT2, and bind two cis acting elements that were specifically enriched in their promoter regions. Taken together, our results suggested that PtrHAT22, as a higher hierarchy TF like PtrWNDs, exerted coordination regulation of poplar SCW component biosynthesis through directly and indirectly regulating structural genes and different hierarchy TFs of SCW formation network.

Automated summary

This study characterized a transcription factor called PtrHAT22, which plays a crucial regulatory role in the secondary development of woody plants. Overexpression of PtrHAT22 led to reduced plant growth and alterations in the characteristics of secondary cell walls. Additionally, PtrHAT22 directly repressed the activities of genes associated with lignification. These findings highlight the importance of PtrHAT22 in the biosynthesis of secondary cell wall components in poplar.